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Prokaryotes
September 3, 2008
Vocabulary
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Peptidoglycan Autotroph
Heterotroph
Lipopolysachharide Methanogen Halophile
Thermophile Proteobacteria
Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria Chlamydia Spirochetes Cyanobacteria
Chemo/photo autotrophs chemo/photo heterotrophs Transformation Transduction nucleoid
Conjugation Exotoxin Endotoxin Obligate Aerobes/Anaerobes binary fission plasmid
1. Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
a) Bacteria
b) Bacteria and Eukarya
c) Bacteria and Protista
d) Bacteria and Archaea
e) Protista and Archaea
2. Bacteria can be of any of the following shapes except
a) spiral
b) rod
c)cylindrical
d)spherical
3. Why is it difficult to devise a realistic phylogeny for prokaryotes?
4. Bacterial cell wall is composed of ______________. Gram positive bacteria have _______
peptidoglycan while Gram negative bacteria have ____________ peptidoglycan.
5. Gram-___________ bacteria have lipopolysaccharides on their cell wall, meaning they are
___________ resistant to antibiotics, which prevent peptidoglycan cross-linking.
a. Negative…more
b. Negative…less
c. Positive…less
d. Positive…more
6. How do you differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
7. Bacteria reproduce by _________________. However, if environment is not favourable, they produce
__________________
8. Differentiate between transformation, transduction and conjugation.
8. Some prokaryotes can either make their own energy, which are called __________________, or get
energy from outside sources, called __________________.
9. Fill in the blanks with mode of nutrition and also examples of organisms with the nutrition habit.
Organic matter
Energy
Source
CO2
Chemicals
Sunlight
10. Bacteria that require oxygen for respiration are __________________; the ones poisoned by oxygen
are _______________, and facultative anaerobes _________________________________.
11. What is not true about methanogen?
a. It is a subgroup of archaea that produces methane.
b. It performs aerobic respiration.
c. It lives in swamps and marshes.
d. It is found in gut of cattle, deer and termites.
12. Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess _____.
a. Photosynthetic pigments
b. A nucleoid with a circular chromosome
c. Membrane-enclosed organelles
d. Cell walls
12. Discuss some of the importance of bacteria to humans.
13. All of these are kinds of bacteria except
a. Proteobacteria
b. Spirochetes
c. Bacteriophage
d. Chlamydias
e. Cyanobacteria
14. Which of the following fix Nitrogen into the soil?
a. Chlamydias
b. Spirochetes
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Proteobacteria
15. Differentiate between endotoxins and exotoxins.