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Prokaryotes
January 24, 2008
Vocabulary
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Peptidoglycan
Transformation
Autotroph
Heterotroph Lipopolysachharide Methanogen Halophile
Thermophile
Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria
Proteobacteria
Chlamydia
Spirochetes
Cyanobacteria
Chemo/photo autotrophs
chemo/photo heterotrophs
1. Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
a) Bacteria
b) Bacteria and Eukarya
c) Bacteria and Protista
d) Bacteria and Archaea
e) Protista and Archaea
2. Bacteria can be of any of the following shapes except
a) spiral
b) rod
c)cylindrical
d)spherical
3. Why is it difficult to devise a realistic phylogeny for prokaryotes?
Bacteria are very small, so hard to deal with. It is hard to find fossil record for bacteria. It is difficult to
study the molecular biology of prokaryotes.
4. Bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. Gram positive bacteria have thicker peptidoglycan
while Gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan.
5. Gram-___________ bacteria have lipopolysaccharides on their cell wall, meaning they are
___________ resistant to antibiotics, which prevent peptidoglycan cross-linking.
a. Negative…more
b. Negative…less
c. Positive…less
d. Positive…more
6. How do you differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
They stain differently with gram stain. Gram positive stains purple whereas gram negative stains pink.
Gram positive doesn’t have Lipopolysaccharide whereas gram negative has it.
7. Fermentation is an example of ______________ respiration, in which oxygen is _____________ to
carry out cell respiration.
a. anaerobic, required
b. aerobic, required
c. aerobic, not required
d. anaerobic, not required
8. Some prokaryotes can either make their own energy, which are called autotrophic, or get
energy from outside sources, called heterotrophic.
9. Fill in the blanks with mode of nutrition and also examples of organisms with the nutrition habit.
Organic matter
Energy
Source
CO2
Chemicals
chemoheterotroph
Chemoautotroph
photoheterotroph
photoautotroph
Sunlight
10. What is not true about methanogen?
a. It is a subgroup of archaea that produces methane.
b. It performs aerobic respiration.
c. It lives in swamps and marshes.
d. It is found in gut of cattle, deer and termites.
11. Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess _____.
a. Photosynthetic pigments
b. A nucleoid with a circular chromosome
c. Membrane-enclosed organelles
d. Cell walls
12. Discuss some of the importance of bacteria to humans.
Help in digestion of food, they cause diseases, they are decomposers, they can be used to make antibiotics,
they are used in cultures to make yogurt and many more.
13. All of these are kinds of bacteria except
a. Proteobacteria
b. Spirochetes
c. Bacteriophage
d. Chlamydias
e. Cyanobacteria
14. Cyanobacteria
a. are also called Purple Sulphur Bacteria
b. are always unicellular
c. are photoautotrophs
d. are photoheterotrophs
15. Which of the following fix Nitrogen into the soil?
a. Chlamydias
b. Spirochetes
c. Cyanobacteria
d. Proteobacteria