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World War II ( 1939-1945) 1. Treaty of Versailles - One of the peace treaties to __end WWI______ - Other central powers on the side of Germany had to sign ______other treaties______________ - As part of this treaty, Germany had to: a. accept sole responsibility ___for causing the war___ b. _____to disarm__________ c. make substantial ____territorial_____concessions d. pay ______reparations_______ to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers ($33.0 billion in 1921, today it would be $400 billion dollars) 2. The Russian Civil War led to the creation of the Soviet Union. After ______Lenin’s_________ death, ______Stalin_________seized power in the USSR. 3. In Italy, ______Benito Mussolini_______________ seized power as a fascist dictator promising to create a "New Roman Empire." 4._________Adolf Hitler____________, after an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government in 1923, became the _______Chancellor of Germany_______________ in 1933. 5. Road to Holocaust: • 1933- first ____concentraion______ ____camps______ opens • 1933- Nazis Boycott of____Jewish______ __owned______ ____shops______, burn books in Germany and ___________ ___Nazi________ declared official party of Germany; all other parties banned. • 1934- ____Hitler_______ ___murders________ anyone in office that opposes him. On “the night of the long knives” more than ___1,000_________ are ____assassinated____and others are removed from positions of influence • 1934- Hitler combines the offices of president and chancellor and assumes the title of ______Fuhrer______ (German term for ___leader______). • 1935-Adolf Hitler denounces the disarmament clauses of the Versailles Treaty • 1936- ____Gestapo____________ (German police) is placed above German Law. 6. Holocaust • The genocide of approximately __6 million________ ____European____________ ___Jews_________ in WWII. • Could also be defined as: ____Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups, including ethnic Poles, Romani, Soviet civilians, Soviet prisoners of war, people with disabilities, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other political and religious opponents________ • If using the above definition, death toll was between __11_____ and __17________million people. • ____concentration______ _camps_____ were established where inmates were used as slave labor until they died of exhaustion or disease. - German physicians used concentration camps for the extensive use of human subjects in medical experiments - Although many were killed in mass shootings or by other means, they usually died in gas chambers. 7. Invasion of Ethiopia • October ___1935________- May ____1936_________ • Fought between armed forces of Kingdom of Italy and Ethiopian Empire • End result: military occupation of Ethiopia and its annexation into the colony of __Italian East Africa__________. 8. Japanese invasion of China • When: ____mid 1937__________________ • Between: ___Japan and China_______________ • End result: Japanese take the city of __Wuhan___________ which further encourages their expansion into ___Asia_____. 9. Japanese Invasion of USSR and Mongolia -When: July _____1938-1939____________ -Between: ______Japan and USSR_____________ -End Result: USSR defeats ___Japan__________. Embarrassed the ____Japanese_______ government favor the anti-American plan proposed by the _____________Japanese Navy____________instead. 10. European occupations and agreements: - France and Britain concede parts of Czechoslovakia to _____Hitler________, in exchange for no more territorial demands -Germany and Italy forced Czechoslovakia to cede additional territory to _______Hungary and Poland______________. -March 1939 __Germany______invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia -France and Britain guaranteed their support for ______Polish________ independence; -when Italy conquered Albania in April 1939, the same guarantee was extended to ____Romania and Greece________ -Germany and Italy formalized their own alliance with the _________Pact of Steel_____________________ -Germany and the ___Soviet Union_______signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact 11. War Begins: • September 1939- Germany and Slovakia attack ____Poland____________. • Following the invasion of Poland and a German-Soviet treaty governing Lithuania, the Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to station _______________________in their countries • November ____________- Finland rejected territorial demands and was invaded by the Soviet Union • June ____________- the Soviet Armed Forces invaded and occupied the neutral Baltic States • February 1940- Soviet Union and ________________ entered a trade pact • April 1940- Germany invaded ________________ and _______________ • May _____________-Germany invaded France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg • Throughout this, the United States remained _____________ 11. Allies: Axis: 12.Pearl Harbor • Japanese attack United States Naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on _______________________ • Resulted in: – ______________aircrafts destroyed – _______________were killed – ______________injured – ______________________entry into the war 13. D-Day -On June 6, _______________(known as D-Day), the Western Allies invaded northern France These landings were successful, and led to the defeat of the German Army units in France. -Allies continued advances on ________________ -December 16, 1944- Germany made a desperate last attempt to take the ______________. • On July 11, 1944- the Allied leaders met in Potsdam, Germany to discuss terms of _______________ • Japan continued to reject the Potsdam terms, the United States dropped ____________________on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki • German surrender took place in late April and early May________________.