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Middle Ages PowerPoint # 3
1. What is Feudalism?
Feudalism was the social, political, and economic system that dominated all the aspects
of life in medieval times.
2. What is Manorialism?
The economic part of feudalism was centered on lord’s estates or manor. This was
called manorialism. A lord’s manor would include peasant villages, a church, farm land, a
mill and the lord’s castle or manor house. All economic activity occurred in a manor,
which meant that very little trade took place during this time period. Most of the
peasants were serfs during the Middle Ages. They were to given farm land to work in
exchange for their services to their lord. The service included working the fields,
maintaining roads, or serving in the military. The lords also had many responsibilities.
They were to provide land and protection to peasants in return for their services, and
they also had to pay fees and provide service to higher lords as well as the king.
3. What was the role of the Church?
The church was the social center of the village, and also had economical and political
power. It was the largest landholders, and became wealthy through taxing. The church
also had its own laws and courts which would frequently clash with the King’s own
authority. Sometimes parish priests also ran schools.
4. What were the reasons and impact of the crusades?
The reasons for the crusades were for the Nobles to gain wealth, the Pope to increase
his power, the Christians who believed it was their job to recover the Holy Land, for
serfs who hoped to escape feudal oppression, and adventurers who sought out travel
and excitement. The crusades impacted that time in different ways. One major result of
the crusades was a Cultural Diffusion and an increase in trade.
5. What was the impact of trade fairs?
The impact of the trade fairs was that the economy and the way people lived became
forever altered as serfs began to pay with cash instead of service for their feudal
obligations. A new economy now based on money instead of barter emerged.
6. What is the Renaissance and why did it start in Italy?
The Renaissance was the golden age in the Middle Ages in areas like the arts, literature,
and sciences. It was also the time when ancient knowledge was rediscovered and the
classical period of the Greeks and Romans were glorified. It started in Italy because it
was the country that had large city-states and was thriving in trade and manufacturing.
Italy also had a very wealthy merchant class that was powerful and dominated politics.
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Finally, the Renaissance started in Italy because of its classical heritage and its return to
Greek and Roman ideals.
What was the new outlook during the Renaissance?
The new outlook during the Renaissance was classical and worldly. The arts were more
involved in the culture. For example, the church spent a lot of money beautifying Rome,
and women were used as inspiration in many art pieces. People also devoted
themselves to more worldly pleasures while still remaining true to their religions.
Give two examples of art and literature from during the Renaissance.
Two examples of art from the Renaissance are famous paintings by Michelangelo and
Leonardo da Vinci. Two examples of literature from the time of the Renaissance are the
many plays written by William Shakespeare, and The Prince by Machiavelli.
What was the impact of the printing press?
The invention of the printing press impacted the world by leading to the printing of the
Bible in 1456, allowing the technology to spread around the world, having books
become more available to the public, and having literacy and the spread of ideas
increase rapidly.
What was the Reformation?
The process of questioning and change within the church. There was corruption among
church leaders, and a weakening in the church. This caused strong national monarchs to
have an increase in their power.
What was Protestantism?
It was the idea that faith in God, not the Pope granted pardon for sins. This idea was
made a public issue by Martin Luther in 1517, and it sparked the Protestant
Reformation. Eventually the followers of Luther’s beliefs were called Lutherans and
Protestants because they protested the Papal authority.
What was the Counter Reformation?
Counter Reformation was the movement that took place in the Catholic Church in order
to strengthen it and keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism. This caused the
Council of Trent in 1545 to reaffirm Catholic beliefs and work to end abuse. It also
created the Jesuits, who were missionaries that helped spread Catholicism around the
world.