Download Topic 5: The periodic Table

Topic 4 & 5: The Periodic
Table
Learning Target
Demonstrate an understanding of the origins of the periodic table,
and relate patterns in the physical and chemical properties of
elements to their positions in the periodic table (at least up to the
first 18 elements)
Use the periodic table to identify the number of protons, electrons
and other information about each atom
Describe, in general terms, the relationship between the structure of
atoms in each group and the properties of elements in that group
Our current understanding of the atom
• There are 3 main subatomic
particles of an atom:
• Protons: positively
charged particles
• Neutrons: neutrally
charged particles (no
charge)
• Electrons: negatively
charged particles
Our current understanding of the atom
• The nucleus contains the neutrons and
protons of the atom
• The surrounding electron “cloud”
consists of energy levels (a.k.a. orbitals
or shells). Electrons are spread out
across the energy levels
• The outer energy level of the atom is
called the valence shell. The electrons
that live in the valence shell are called
valence electrons. Valence electrons
participate in chemical reactions.
• The number of valence electrons an
atom has determines its reactivity
Different kinds of elements
Rare Earth Metals
How do we use
rare earth
metals?
The
Element
Song!
Meet the periodic table - activity
• Get in groups of 2 or 3
• At least 1 person in your group must have a phone
• Go to periodictable.com and choose 3 elements to learn about
• Fill in the chart in your notes as you go.
Dalton’s element symbols
Today’s element symbols
• Element symbols consist of 1-3 letters
• The first letter is capitalized and the rest
are lower case.
Origins of the periodic table
The genius of Mendeleev
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPnwBITSmgU
Answer the question(s) as you watch
Patterns in the periodic table
• Left of the staircase line are
metals
• To the right are non-metals
• Surrounding the staircase line
are the metalloids: these
elements display both metal and
non-metal properties.
Metals and non-metals
Metals:
• Shiny
• Malleable (bendable)
• Good conductors of
electricity
Non-metals:
• Dull
• Not malleable
(bendable)
• Poor conductors of
electricity
Patterns in the periodic table
The elements are numbered from 1 to 118 by MASS
Lightest
Heaviest
Patterns in the periodic table
The Lanthanoids and Actinoids slot into periods 6 & 7
Chemical families
• Elements are everywhere – even in your
mouth!
• Stainless steel braces are made of carbon,
nickel, and iron.
• Elements used in braces must be strong
enough to straighten teeth but unreactive
enough that a chemical reaction won’t
occur with mild acids and gases that are
inhaled and exhaled.
• The term “chemical family” describes a
group of related elements that have
similar properties
The periodic table is arranged vertically in groups
Elements in the same
group share similar
properties
Hydrogen is
NOT an alkali
metal
Reactivity of Group 1 Metals
http://www.syngentaperiodict able.co.uk/reaction-zone.php
Use the periodic table to determine the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons of an atom
The periodic table gives us information about each element
• Atomic number = number of protons
= number of electrons
(in a neutral atom)
• Atomic mass – Atomic number = number of
neutrons
Carbon
• Number of protons = 6
• Number of electrons = 6
• Number of neutrons = 12 – 6 = 6
The periodic table gives us information about each element
8
O
Oxygen
16.00
• Atomic number = number of protons
= number of electrons
(in a neutral atom)
• Atomic mass – Atomic number = number of
neutrons
Oxygen
• Number of protons = 8
• Number of electrons = 8
• Number of neutrons = 16 – 8 = 8
The periodic table gives us information about each element
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.31
• Atomic number = number of protons
= number of electrons
(in a neutral atom)
• Atomic mass – Atomic number = number of
neutrons
Magnesium
• Number of protons = ?
• Number of electrons = ?
• Number of neutrons = ?
The periodic table gives us information about each element
9
F
Fluorine
19.00
• Atomic number = number of protons
= number of electrons
(in a neutral atom)
• Atomic mass – Atomic number = number of
neutrons
Fluorine
• Number of protons = ?
• Number of electrons = ?
• Number of neutrons = ?
You Try…
• How many electrons and protons does manganese (Mn) have?
• How many neutrons does Manganese have?
• How many electrons and protons does gold (Au) have?
• How many neutrons does gold (Au) have?
• How many electrons and protons does zirconium (Zr) have?
• How many neutrons does zirconium (Zr) have?