Download Does light cause movement

Focus Question
1. . Explain the
water cycle. Be
sure to use the
words;
* evaporation
* condensation
* precipitation
* transpiration
2. How does
infiltration occur?
3. Draw and
describe how the
sun’s energy
(radiation) travel to
Earth and what
happens to it after
it arrives at Earth.
Hydrosphere
Detailed Explanation
Real World Example: Draw a
Picture(caption) or Write in Words
Another name for the water cycle is: HYDROLOGIC
CYCLE
WATER VAPOR ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE THROUGH
EVAPORATION (LIQUID CHANGING INTO A GAS) AND
TRANSPIRATION (PLANTS RELEASING WATER VAPOR).
IT RISES IN THE ATMOSPHERE, AND COOLS. CLOUDS
FORM AROUND DUST AND OTHER AIR PARTICLES
WHICH IS CONDENSATION (GAS CHANGING INTO A
LIQUID). ONCE ENOUGH WATER DROPLETS
ACCUMULATE, GRAVITY PULLS THEM TO THE GROUND
(PRECIPITATION).
WHEN RAIN SEEPS THROUGH THE SOIL AND
EVENTUALLY JOINS A STREAM OR BECOMES GROUND
WATER. ALSO CALLED PERCOLATION
THE SUN SENDS ENERGY TO THE EARTH IN THE FORM
OF RADIATION / LIGHT, AND IT IS CHANGED INTO
THERMAL ENERGY (HEAT) SOME OF WHICH IS
ABSORDED BY LAND AND OCEANS.
THIS ENERGY TRANSFER IS DONE WITHOUT CONTACT
WHICH IS WHY IT IS RADIATION AND NOT
CONDUCTION.
I WATER MY LAWN AND THE WATER
RUNS THROUGH THE SOIL INTO THE
CLINTON RIVER WATER SHED.
4. Describe the
process of
conduction, and how
it relates to
atmospheric
heating.
THE TRANSFER OF HEAT ENEGRY THROUGH DIRECT
CONTACT.
CONDUCTION RELATES TO ATMOSPHERIC HEATING BY
THE WARMED EARTH (LAND AND WATER)
TRANSFERRING ITS HEAT TO THE AIR IT COMES IN
CONTACT WITH.
Add because it is on
test, but not study
guide.
5. Describe what
convection is.
What are two
examples of
convection.
6. Describe how
clouds are formed.
THE TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY THROUGH LIQUIDS
AND GASES BY MOVING PARTICLES.
THE WARM AIR/WATER BECOMES LESS DENSE AND
RISES, COOLS AS IT MOVES AWAY FROM THE EARTH’S
SURFACE AND SINKS BACK DOWN.
OCEAN AND AIR CURRENTS ARE BOTH EXAMPLES OF
THIS
CONVECTION CURRENTS MOVE WARMER AIR THROUGH
THE ATMOSPHERE AND WARMER WATER THROUGH THE
OCEANS.
WATER VAPOR RISES AND COOLS AND CONDENSES
AROUND DUST AND OTHER PARTICLES. THIS FORMS
CLOUDS.
7. Explain what a
watershed is..
What is our local
watershed?
8. What happens to
the size of a water
shed as more
streams and rivers
join it?
A WATERSHED IS THE AREA OF LAND THAT IS
DRAINED BY A WATER SYSTEM. BOTH THE SURFACE
AND GROUND WATER IN THE AREA DRAIN INTO A
BODY OF WATER. BORDERED BY HIGHER GROUND
OUR LOCAL WATERSHED IS THE: CLINTON RIVER
WATERSHED
STREAMS AND RIVERS THAT JOIN ANOTHER RIVER
BECOME A LARGER WATERSHED. AS THE BRANCHES OF
THE CLINTON RIVER COME TOGETHER AND FORM LAKE
ST. CLAIR, LAKE ST. CLAIR IS A LARGER WATER SHED.
9. Explain how a
rise or ridges (like
the Continental
Divide) affects
watersheds.
A RISE OR RIDGE LIKE THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE
SEPARATE WATERSHEDS. THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE
SEPARATES WATERSHEDS THAT FLOW INTO THE
ATLANTIC OCEAN FROM THOSE THAT FLOW INTO THE
PACIFIC OCEAN.
10. Describe three
causes and effects
of water pollution.
1. CAUSE:
ACID RAIN
EFFECT: CHANGES WATER PH-BALANCE.
2. CAUSE: FERTILIZER RUNOFF
EFFECT: CHANGES WATER CHEMISTRY. CAUSES
ALGAE TO GROW, MAY KILL ANIMALS.
3. CAUSE: OIL SPILLS
EFFECT: CHANGES SURFACE WATER ORGANISMS THAT LIVE THERE MAY DIE
1. THE STATUES IN WASHINGTON
DC ARE DETERIORATING DUE TO ACID
RAIN.
2. PEOPLE WHO LIVE ON A LAKE AND
SPRAY THEIR LAWN WITH
FERTILIZER AND RAIN WASHES IT IN
THE LAKE. HOUGHTON LAKE HAD
MILFOIL PLANT GROWING OUT OF
CONTROL BECAUSE OF ALL THE
FERTILIZER IN THE LAKE.
3. GULF OIL SPILL -
11. Describe the
cause and effects
of land pollution.
1. CAUSE: LANDFILLS
EFFECTS: DESTRUCTION OF HABITAT, HARMFUL TO
ANIMALS, LOSS OF USABLE LAND
2. CAUSE: DEFORESTATION
EFFECTS: LOSS OF HABITAT, SOIL EROSION,
,
SURVIVAL OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS AT RISK
3. CAUSE: SURFACE MINING
EFFECTS: LOSS OF HABITAT, DEPLETES EARTH OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
12. Describe the
cause and effects
of air pollution.
1. CAUSE: AUTOMOBILES, FUEL CONSUMPTION
EFFFCT: DAMAGES PLANTS AND CAUSES HEALTH
PROBLEMS IN ANIMALS. SMOG
2. CAUSE: INDUSTRY AND BUILDINGS, COAL-BURNING
POWER PLANTS, BURNING FOSSIL FUELS (ANYTHING
THAT RUNS ON GAS, OIL OR COAL),
EFFECT: POLLUTION AND HEALTH PROBLEMS WITH
PEOPLE THAT LIVE NEAR BY.
3. CAUSE:AEROSOL PRODUCTS.
EFFECTS: LOSS OF HABITAT WHEN PLANTS ARE
DESTROYED CAUSES SOME SPECIES TO BECOME
ENDANGERED.
13. Describe the
atmosphere as a
mixture of gases.
THE ATMOSPHERE IS COMPOSED MAINLY OF
NITROGEN, WITH LESSER AMOUNTS OF OXYGEN, AND A
VERY SMALL AMOUNT OF OTHER TRACE GASES.
Note carbon dioxide is a tiny fraction of the 1%.
1. THE CONSTRUCTION OF EAGLE
VALLEY LANDFILL. THE ANIMALS
HAVE TO RELOCATE OUT OF THE
AREA.
2. IN SOUTH AMERICA THEY ARE
CUTTING DOWN THE RAINFOREST
AND ANIMALS ARE BECOMING
ENDANGERED AS A RESULT. HAITI
LOST A LOT OF TOPSOIL
3. THE AREAS IN THE U.P. THAT
MINE COPPER.
1. DRIVING MY CAR ADDS CARBON
EMISSIONS TO THE AIR
2. THE Factories DOWN- RIVER ON
I75 ADD EMISSION TO THE AIR
AND SMELLS REALLY BAD.
3. CFC’s are STILL EATING OUR
OZONE FROM AEROSOL CANS
USED IN THE SEVENTIES.
Draw and label a pie chart. (Page 4 in
book Weather &
Climate)
14. Explain the
greenhouse effect.
The Greenhouse Effect is a warming up of the Earth from certain gases
(Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Oxygen) in the
atmosphere. Atmosphere acts like a blanket for the earth and controls the
heating up and cooling off at night.
15. Describe how
greenhouse gases
are important to the
Earth?
Solar Radiation (Sunlight) when it reaches the Earth it is soaked up by
land, water and plants. But, a lot of this energy is sent back into the
atmosphere in the form of infrared heat. The greenhouse gases absorb
some of that HEAT and send it back down to the Earth’s surface. This
keeps the Earth warm.
16. Describe how
the temperature,
density and air
pressure changes
with elevation in the
troposphere.
AIR TEMPERATURE:
AT HIGHER ELEVATIONS THE AIR TEMPERATURE IS
GENERALLY COLDER IN THE TROPOSPHERE.
AIR DENSITY:
DECREASES AS ALTITUDE INCREASES.
FOR EXAMPLE-THE NUMBER OF OXYGEN MOLECULES PER
BREATH IS LESS ON A MOUNTAIN THAN AT SEA LEVEL
AIR PRESSURE:
AS ALTITUDE INCREASES AIR PRESSURE DECREASES
SINCE THE AIR GETS THINNER AS ELEVATION
INCREASE IN THE TROPOSPHERE.
17. List and describe
features of the
atmosphere as you
move away from the
earth’s surface.
TROPOSPHERE-THE LOWEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE. IT
CONTAINS ALMOST 90% OF THE ATMOSPHERE’S TOTAL MASS!
ALMOST ALL OF THE EARTH’S CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER
VAPOR, CLOUDS, AIR POLLUTION, WEATHER, AND LIFE-FORMS
ARE IN THE TROPOSPHERE. WEATHER OCCURS HERE.
STRATOSOPHERE-THE ATMOSPHERIC LAYER ABOVE THE
TROPOSPHERE. ALMOST ALL OF THE OZONE IN THE
STRATOSPHERE IS CONTAINED IN THE OZONE LAYER.
MESOSPHERE-ABOVE THE STRATOSPHERE IS THE
MESOSPHERE. THE MIDDLE LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE. IT IS
ALSO THE COLDEST LAYER.
THERMOSPHERE-THE UPPERMOST ATMOSPHERIC LAYER. IN
THE THERMOSPHERE, TEMPERATURE AGAIN INCREASES WITH
ALTITUDE.
IONOSPHERE-IN THE UPPER MESOSPHERE AND THE LOWER
THERMOSPHERE. NITROGEN AND OXYGEN ATOMS ABSORB
HARMFUL SOLAR ENERGY. THESE IONS RADIATE ENERGY AS
SHIMMERING LIGHTS CALLED AURORAS.
EXOSPHERE: WHERE ATMOSPHERE AND SPACE BLEND.
18. Describe how
much air
temperature
affects how much
water vapor it can
hold.
COOL AIR HOLDS LESS WATER VAPOR THAN WARM AIR.
COLD AIR MOLECULES ARE CLOSER TOGETHER AND
THERE IS LESS ROOM BETWEEN THEM. A COOL AIR
MASS WILL FILL UP QUICKLY WITH PRECIPITATION AND
WILL EMPTY OUT (IN THE FORM OF RAIN OR SNOW).
WARM AIR MASSES HAVE PARTICLES THAT ARE
FARTHER APART. THERE IS MORE ROOM IN A WARM AIR
MASS AND IT WILL TAKE MORE WATER VAPOR TO FILL
IT UP. THE AIR MIGHT FEEL HUMID BECAUSE THERE IS
MORE WATER IN THE AIR.
IF THE TEMPERATURE DROPS ON A
WARM HUMID DAY, THEN IT RAINS
BECAUSE COLD AIR CANNOT HOLD AS
MUCH WATER VAPOR.
19. Describe what
wind is and how it
moves
WIND IS THE MOVEMENT OF AIR FROM AREAS OF HIGH
PRESSURE TO AREAS OF LOW PRESSURE.
THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCES ARE CAUSED BY THE SUN’S
20. Describe how
the sun causes winds UNEVEN HEATING OF THE EARTHS SURFACE.
21. Explain the
corolis effect and
how it influences
winds.
THE COROLIS EFFECT OCCURS BECAUSE OF THE EARTH’S
ROTATION.
. State how much
of the Earth’s
surface is ocean.
(remove next year)
70% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE IS OCEAN
22. Describe what
an ocean current is.
OCEAN CURRENTS ARE MOVEMENTS OF OCEAN WATER
DUE TO THE UNEVEN HEATING OF THE WATER—
WHICH CAUSES THE DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF THE
OCEAN WATERS.
23. Describe how
living next to an
ocean influence the
climate.
OCEANS ABSORB A LOT OF HEAT ENERGY WHICH
KEEPS THE CLIMATE MORE CONSTANT. WHEREAS
INLAND, LAND HEATS UP AND COOLS DOWN MORE
QUICKLY MAKING THE CLIMATE FLUCTUATE MORE.
IT CAUSES THE WIND TO CURVE TO THE RIGHT IN THE
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
AIR HEATS UP AT THE DOLDRUMS
(EQUATOR) AND MOVE TOWARD THE
POLES WHERE IT COOLS AND SINKS.
PILOTS HAVE TO ADJUST
THEIR FLIGHT PATH WHEN THEY
TRAVEL FROM DETROIT TO MIAMI.
IF YOU LIVED BY AN OCEAN, YOUR
CLIMATE IS MILDER AND MOISTER
THAN IF YOU LIVE INLAND. IN THE
WINTER SEATTLE HAS MILDER
WEATHER THAN MONTANA WHICH
HAS COLD HARSH WEATHER.
24. Draw and
Describe land and
sea breezes.
BREEZES OCCUR LOCALLY DUE TO THE DIFFERENCES
IN HEAT CAPACITY (ABILITY TO HOLD HEAT) OF SAND
AND WATER.
25. Compare and
Contrast weather
and climate.
WEATHER: IS THE MIX OF EVENTS THAT HAPPEN
EACH DAY IN THE ATMOSPHERE- INCLUDING
TEMPERATURE, RAINFALL AND HUMIDITY.
LAND HEATS AND COOLS QUICKLY. SO IF THE LAND
IS WARM,(LIKE IN THE DAY) THE AIR WILL RISE AND
COOLER WATER FROM OVER THE SEA WILL RUSH TO
TAKE ITS PLACE= SEA BREEZE. IF THE SEA IS
WARMER, THE AIR ABOVE WILL RISE AND LAND AIR
WILL RUSH OVER TO TAKE ITS PLACE MAKING A LAND
BREEZE.( AT NIGHT)
CLIMATE: IS THE AVERAGE WEATHER PATTERN IN A
PLACE OVER MANY YEARS. IT’S USEFUL FOR WEATHER
FORECASTING.
26. Describe what
causes weather.
WEATHER IS DUE TO THE MOTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
FROM THE SUN’S UNEVEN HEATING OF THE EARTH. (
AIR MASSES COME INTO CONTACT WITH EACH OTHERCAUSING CHANGING WEATHER)
27. Describe how
the Earth’s tilted
axis influences our
climate.
THE EARTH GETS THE SAME AMOUNT OF LIGHT EACH
DAY, BUT SINCE THE EARTH IS TILTED ON ITS AXIS
THE LIGHT IS UNEVENLY DIVIDED INTO TWO
HEMISPHERES. THE HEMISPHERE THAT IS TILTED
TOWARD THE SUN AND IS RECEIVING MORE OF THE
DIRECT LIGHT IS EXPERIENCING SUMMER. THE
HEMISPHERE THAT IS TILTED AWAY FROM THE SUN
IS RECEIVING LESS DIRECT LIGHT IS EXPERIENCING
WINTER.
TODAY’S WEATHER IS 70 AND RAINY.
MICHIGAN’S CLIMATE IS COLD,
SNOWY WINTERS AND WARM HUMID
SUMMERS.
ONCE IN JANUARY THERE WAS
WARM WEATHER IN MICHIGAN, THE
AIR MASS CAME FROM BAHAMAS.
28. Describe what
an air mass is and
what causes it to
move.
A HUGE BODY OF AIR THAT HAS SIMILAR
TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND AIR PRESSURE AT ANY
GIVEN HEIGHT IN THE ATMOSPHERE. THE
TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN THE AIR MASSES CAUSE
THEM TO MOVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
ON A WARM DAY OUR WEATHER
COMES FROM A CONTINENTAL
TROPICAL AIR MASS.
29. Describe why
DUE TO DIFFERENT DENSITIES OF WARM AND COLD
warm air masses and AIR, THEY DO NOT READILY MIX.
cold air masses don’t
mix.
30. Explain what a
front is.
31. Describe what
happens when a
warm front moves in
and the weather
associated with it.
A FRONT REFERS TO THE BOUNDARY THAT FORMS
BETWEEN WARM AND COLD AIR MASSES.
Describe
WARM AIR SLOW MOVES UP
AND OVER THE COLD AIR MASS.
Picture
Weather:
STEADY,LONG- LASTING
DRIZZLING RAIN IN THE
SUMMER AND
SNOW FLURRIES IN THE
WINTER
(THIS
HAPPENS
AHEAD OF THE FRONT.)
WARMERWEATHER
FOLLOWS.
32. Draw and
Describe what
happens when a cold
front moves in.
Describe:
COLD FRONTS MOVE QUICKLY,
BRING THUNDERSTORMS, HEAVY
RAIN OR SNOW. BEHIND THE
FRONT IS COOLER TEMPS
Picture
Weather
BIG THUNDER STORMS IN
THE SUMMER AND SNOW
FALLS IN THE WINTER
(HAPPENS ALONG AND
SLIGHTLY BEHIND THE
FRONT). COOLER WEATHER
FOLLOWS
33. Draw and
Describe what
happens at
stationary front.
Describe:
THE AIR MASSES STAY NEAR
EACH OTHER AND BRING MANY
DAYS OF CLOUDY WET
WEATHER.
Picture
Weather
CLOUDS AND RAIN CAN
LAST FOR DAYS. TEMPS ARE
UNCHANGING FOR MANY
DAYS
34. Draw and
Describe what
happens at an
occluded front.
Describe
TWO COLD AIR MASSES TRAP A
WARM AIR AND PUSH IT UP. IT
BRINGS COOL TEMPS AND LARGE
AMOUNTS OF RAIN AND SNOW.
Picture
Weather
COOLER TEMPS AND LARGE
AMOUNTS OF RAIN OR
SNOW.
35. Explain what a
jet stream is and
how it influences
weather
THEY ARE CONCENTRATED HIGH ALTITUDE STREAMS
OF FAST MOVING WIND WHICH BLOWS FROM WEST
TO EAST ACROSS THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERES. IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
MOVEMENT OF MAJOR WEATHER FEATURES FROM
WEST TO EAST ACROSS NORTH AMERICA (AND THE
EARTH AS A WHOLE).
36. Interpret the
weather for a
station model.
Sunny weather->