Download Intro to Physics Notes Chapters 11-14

Intro to Physics Notes Chapter 11
Name _______________________
Pg 210
1. The idea that matter is composed of atoms goes back to the Greeks in the
________ century.
2. Did Aristotle agree?
3. In what century was Aristotle living?
4. What four elements did Aristotle teach?
5. How many years did Aristotle’s ideas last?
6. The atomic idea was revived in the early __________ by an English meteorologist
and teacher named ________________________________.
Pg 215-16 and 218
7. List the three particles of an atom by name, location, and charge.
8. Which two atomic particles are the only ones to be included in the mass?
9. What atomic particle identifies the atomic number of an element?
10. What two particles have to be present in the same number in order for the atom to
be neutral?
Pg 217
11. The most abundant element in the universe is ________________.
12. The second most abundant is ___________________.
13. These two elements are found mostly in ___________________.
14. More than 99% of the material on Earth is formed from only _____________
elements.
Pg 218-20
15. What particle do you have more of in an isotope of an element?
16. Does an isotope have a different atomic number or mass number?
17. Why is the mass number of an element an average? (think about isotopes)
18. How does an atom become an ion?
19. What charge is an ion if it loses 1 electron?
20. Where would the above element be located on the periodic table?
21. What charge is an ion if it gains 3 electrons and where would it be located on the
periodic table?
Intro to Physics Notes Chapter 12
Name ________________________
Pg 232
1. Density is determined by the _________ of the atom and the _____________
between them.
2. Density =
3. weight density = _____________ x mass density so the weight density of water
is _____________
Pg 234
4. Hooke’s Law (same Hooke that discovered cells in cork) states that the stretch of
a spring is ____________ proportional to the applied force and if weight is
doubled, the spring stretches __________ as much.
Pg 236
5. Is the tension on a diving board greater on the top or the bottom of the board
when someone is standing on the end of it?
6. What force is on the other surface not used as the answer in the previous
question?
7. What force is the top surface of a bookshelf experiencing when a heavy box of
books is placed in the middle of the length of the shelf?
8. What force is the bottom of the bookshelf experiencing?
9. Why are steel beams that are used in tall buildings shaped like an “I”? (think of
strength as well as weight)
Pg 237
10. Which force, compression or tension, is being exerted on the bricks in an arch and
almost removes the need for mortar at all?
Pg 238
11. What is a caternary?
12. Why should a free standing arch like the one in St Louis take the shape of an
inverted caternary?
13. The weight of a dome, like an arch, provides _________________--- that covers
vast areas without the interruption of _________________.
Pg 240
14. How do you find the volume of a cube?
Surface area of one side of the cube?
Pg 241
15. Smaller objects have ___________ surface area. Give examples of how this is
helpful in the kitchen.
Intro to Physics Notes Chapter 13
Name______________________
Pg 248-9
1. Pressure =
Water pressure at bottom of depth of water = weight density x _____________
remember weight density of water Pg 233 – 9800 N/m3 (weight/volume)
Weight density = mass density (kg/m3) x gravity (N/kg)
----- SO if problem has mass density (water Pg 232, 1000 kg/m3) instead of
weight density, then
Water pressure = mass density x gravity x height
P = Dgh
(Dg = mass density x gravity)
IF adding atmospheric pressure ( 1.01 x 10 5 Pa ) to the equation, then------.
-------water pressure equation could also be written
Ph = Pa + Dgh
Hydrostatic pressure = atmospheric pressure + mass density x gravity x height
(same as weight density)
Pg 252
2. The upward force of water that opposes gravity is called ___________________.
Fb = DgV
Buoyant Force = density (kg/m3) x gravity (N/kg) x volume (m3)
3. A completely submerged object always displaces a volume of liquid equal to is
own __________________ and is lifted by a buoyant force equal to the
_____________ of the fluid displaced. This is known as
__________________________________________.
Pg 255
4. What makes objects sink or float?
Pg 258
5. What does the book say about Pascal’s life?
Pg 259
6. What was a theological assertion made by Pascal?
7. Does Pascal’s Principle multiply force or pressure?
8. Pascal’s Principle underlies the operation of the __________________________.
Pg 260
9. What geometric figure has the least surface tension for a given volume?
Pg 262
10. Define adhesion –
11. Define cohesion –
12. By what process does oil soak upward in a lamp wick and water rise upward in
the stem of a plant?
Pg 264 (yes 264)
13. What weakens cohesive forces in water?
Intro to Physics Notes Chapter 14
Name ____________________
Pg 268
1. Gases and liquids are both called ___________________.
2. 75% of the atmosphere is below _____________ feet.
Pg 270
3. At sea level, one cubic meter of air has a mass of ___________ kg.
Pg 271
4. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is __________ kPa, __________ atm,
____________ lb/in2, and ___________mm of Hg.
Remember to use 1.01 x 10 5 Pa in equations
Pg 272
5. How tall would a water barometer have to be?
Why?
6. Why would a water barometer have to be 13.6 times larger than a mercury
barometer?
7. Why is 10.3 m the maximum depth of a water well that is operated by a vacuum
pump?
Pg 274
8. Is Boyle’s Law an inverse or direct relationship between pressure and volume?
Write the equation for Boyle’s Law.
9. Give an example of Boyle’s Law.
Pg 277-80
10. Explain how Bernoulli’s Law is used to get airplanes off the ground.
Pg 281
11. Plasma is the _________ prevalent phase of matter in the universe. Explain.
12. What are four examples of plasma in the everyday world? (not blood)
Pg 282
13. What are the three colors in the subcells of pixels in TVs?
14. Why do AM radio stations from far away come in better than FM stations that are
closer?
Pg 283
15. In the future, electricity may be generated by an interaction between plasma and
____________.
16. What is an even more promising possibility of plasma power?