Download Carbohydrate Tutorial

Carbohydrate Tutorial
1. Carbohydrates provide the raw fuel for cellular energy production
2. Give 3 examples of monosaccharides.
a. Glucose
b. Fructose
c. Deoxyribose
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Glycogen is the 6 carbon sugar found in blood.
Glucose is the sugar that sweetens fruit.
Lactose is the sugar found in milk.
Glucose can have a straight line of carbon atoms or form a ring structure.
The 5 carbon sugars called pentose are used in nucleic acid synthesis are
deoxyribose and ribose
Give 3 examples of disaccharides.
a. Sucrose
b. Lactose
c. Maltose
Polysaccharides include starch, cellulose and glycogen
Starch is the storage molecule made from glucose by plants.
Cellulose is made by plants for cell wall construction.
Glycogen is the carbohydrate storage molecule found in muscle and liver cells.
Lipid Tutorial
1. Lipids are organic molecules that are insoluable in water.
2. Give 3 examples of lipids.
a. Neutral fats
b. Phospholipids
c. Cholesterol
3. Neutral fats are also called triglycerides because they have 3 fatty acids.
4. Neutral fats 3 functions:
a. Store energy fuel
b. Insulates body tissues
c. Cushions/protects organs
5. The building blocks of neutral fat molecules are fatty acid chains
6. Saturated fatty acids originate form animal sources and are solid at room
temperature.
7. Unsaturated fats originate from plants and are liquid at room temperature.
8. Phospholipids are the chief components of all cell membranes.
9. Cholesterol helps to stabilize cell membranes and is used by the body to break down
steroids.
Protein Tutorial
1. Proteins make up 10 % to 30 % of cell mass.
2. Examples of proteins in an organism.
a. Enzymes
b. Blood proteins
c. Hemoglobins
d. Antibodies
3. Proteins are built from 20 common building blocks called amino acids
4. The primary structure of protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids by
peptide bonds.
DNA Tutorial
Intro
1. DNA comes with a complete set of instructions to make an entire organism.
2. Using only _____ letters the DNA molecule builds everything from a bug to a
human.
Role of DNA
3. While you are growing you need DNA to produce more _____________.
4. As an adult you also need DNA to :
a.
b.
c.
The Cell
5. DNA directs the entire operation by issuing instructions to make things you need
such as __________________.
6. DNA allows organisms to make _______________ of themselves which is a
requisite of life.
Chromosomes
7. Inside the nucleus you find DNA packaged into _______________________.
8. You get 1 set of chromosomes from your ___________________ and 1 set of
chromosomes from your __________________.
9. Each cell has _________ chromosomes arranged into __________ pairs.
Watson and Crick
10. What are the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
11. What is the shape of DNA? ________________
Draw the structure of the following molecules:
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid (DNA)