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Name ________________________ Period _________ Date ________________
Gene Mutations
SB2c: Students will be able to describe the relationships between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including
alteration during replication
substitutions
Insertions
mutagenic factors that can alter DNA such as: high energy
radiation (x-rays and ultraviolet), chemical
deletions
Definition of mutation: any change to a gene.
Why are so many mutations neutral? It is because there are multiple codons that code for the same amino acid.
When is dark skin an advantage? It is an advantage in parts of the world where you receive a lot of sunlight. It protects from sunburn and
cancer. (blocks excess)
When is light skin an advantage? In areas that receive less sunlight because you need to absorb vitamin D
Name of
Mutation
1 Sentence Summary.
Sentence Example
conditions caused by
this
No mutation
The DNA copied perfectly
The fat cat ate the rat
none
Substitution
A substitution is a change in one base.
The fat cat ate the hat.
Sickle Cell Disease
Frame-shift
One or more bases are inserted or
deleted, all the other bases shift
positions.
Mutations that come from missing bases.
The fat caa tet her at.
Tay Sachs
The fat ate the rat.
Cystic Fibrosis
Mutations caused by extra bases.
The fat cat saw ate the rat.
Muscular Dystrophy
Deletion
Insertion
Mutagens
Name
Source
Cells Affected (somatic,
gametes or both?)
How could you avoid it?
Carcinogens chemicals that can
damage DNA
Asbestos, Tobacco smoke,
alcohol
Somatic only
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are
another source.
Sun, Tanning beds
Somatic only
Eat foods rich in anti-oxidants
(brightly colored fruits and
vegetables), stay away from
source.
Wear sunscreen, cover up with
clothes.
High energy radiation, such as
X-rays
Background radiation, X-rays
Somatic cells and gametes
Wear protective lead apron
during X-rays, limit your
exposure.
1. Answer Today’s Essential Questions:
a. What are mutations?
b. How do they happen/what causes them?
c. What are the effects of mutations? Name one good effect and one bad effect.
2. Explain how this relates to today’s standard: SB2c: Students will be able to describe the relationships between changes in DNA and
potential appearance of new traits including