Download ECOLOGY EVENT EXAM Science Olympiad

ECOLOGY
EVENT EXAM
Science Olympiad - Division B
Booth Middle School Invitational
January 23, 2010
Team Name:
_________________________________________
Student Names:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Write your answers on the answer sheet.
1. Ecology is best defined as the study of
a) the interaction between populations.
b) the relationship between birth rate and death rate within a community.
c) population increases and decreases in an ecosystem.
d) organisms as they interact with other organisms and with their physical environment.
2. What do competition, predation and food availability have in common?
a) They are all abiotic factors
b) They are all biotic factors
c) They are all limiting factors
d) Nothing
3. Which of the following does not directly influence a regions climate?
a) weather
b) solar radiation
c) earth’s revolution around the sun
d) earth’s rotation around its axis
4. The least diverse biotic communities in the world are found in ___ biomes.
a) tundra
b) desert
c) forest
d) grassland
5. Which statement best explains why there are so few large carnivores on earth?
a) 90% of the available energy in one tropic level is not converted to the next level.
b) Primary producers are scarce.
c) Large carnivores prey on each other.
d) Biological magnification increases mortality rates in large carnivores.
6. A food web illustrates the:
a) relationship between all the producers
b) relationship between producers and consumers only
c) relationship between all members of an ecological community
d) relationship between all the consumers
7. Where would you locate humans on a tropic pyramid?
a) on the top because humans are omnivores
b) on the bottom because there are more humans than any other species on earth
c) second from the bottom because humans evolved to eat plants
d) second from the top because humans were sometimes prey to large carnivores
8. The physical location where an organism lives is best described as the organism's
a) life zone
b) habitat
c) niche
d) community
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Figure 1
On your answer sheet,
label the food chain in
Figure 1 with the
following terms:
energy
producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
decomposer.
15. Everything else being equal, when the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, this
results in
a) population growth
b) biotic potential
c) environmental resistance
d) carrying capacity
16. Everything else being equal, when emigration rate is greater than immigration rate
a) the population number stays the same
b) the population number fluctuates over time
c) the population number decreases
d) the population number increases
17. The number of individuals per unit area or volume is known as the
a) limiting factors
b) population distribution
c) carrying capacity
d) population density
18. Tiaga is the largest biome covering approximately:
a) 5 percent of earth’s land area
b) 11 percent of earth’s land area
c) 15 percent of earth’s land area
d) 27 percent of earth’s land area
Figure 2
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Use Figure 2 to choose the BEST answer for questions 19 - 25.
19. The role of grass in this food web is best described as
a) decomposer
b) consumer
c) primary producer
d) secondary producer
20. What is the role of the marmot in this food web?
a) decomposer
b) primary consumer
c) producer
d) secondary consumer
21. What would happen to the coyote population if the squirrel were suddenly removed from
this ecosystem?
a) The coyote population would dramatically decrease
b) The coyote population would dramatically increase
c) The coyote population would be unchanged
d) The coyote would completely die out
22. What would happen to the population of marmots if the squirrels were suddenly removed
from this ecosystem?
a) The marmot population would decrease
b) The marmot population would increase
c) The marmot population would be unchanged
d) The marmots would completely die out
23. Explain what would happen to the insect population if the robins were suddenly removed
from this ecosystem.
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a) The insect population would be unchanged
b) The insect would completely die out
c) The insect population would decrease
d) The insect population would increase
24. Which of the organisms in the food web would be classified as secondary consumers?
a) marmot
b) deer
c) squirrel
d) robin
25. Which of the organisms in the food web would be classified as tertiary consumers?
a) robin
b) deer
c) coyote
d) marmot
Figure 3
Use Figure 3 to choose the BEST answer to questions 20 and 21.
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26. Which location(s) represents a grassland biome?
a) 7
b) 8
c) 9
d) 8 and 9
e) 7, 8, and 9
27. Which location represents taiga?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
e) 4 and 5
d) 5
28. Which of the following contribute to the production of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
a) oceanic sediments
b) burning fossil fuels
c) photosynthesis by plants
d) soils
29. A scientist studying the way egrets, herons, and crabs interact, who is not interested in
abiotic factors such as the rocks, water, and temperature, is studying what level of
environmental organization?
a) population
c) community
b)ecosystem
d) biosphere
30. Two species of Anolis lizard share the same niche and therefore compete for the same
food sources (insects). However, A. distichus perches on fence posts and other sunny
surfaces while A. insolitus usually perches on shady branches. This type of competition is
called:
a) commensalisms
c) competitive exclusion
b) resource partitioning
d) intraspecific competition
31. The characteristics of a praying mantis make it easy for it to be camouflaged by the green
stems of plants. While camouflaged, a praying mantis can feed on other insects that
inhabit or feed on a plant. If a praying mantis feeds on natural enemies of a plant, what
type of relationship is occurring between the praying mantis and the plant?
a)camouflage
c) mutualism
b)competition
d) parasitism
32. A pigeon finds its way home using landmarks such as mountain ranges and buildings.
These landmarks are
a) external stimuli.
c) internal stimuli.
b) known as body language.
D) known as estivation.
33. The largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time.
a) carrying capacity
b) limiting factor
c) population density
d)density dependence
34. How an organism survives, including its habitat, and how it obtains food and shelter.
a) life zone
b) habitat
c) niche
d) community
35. Population, community, biosphere, organism, and ecosystem are all terms that are related
to the environment. Choose the set that has the terms arranged in order from simplest to
most complex.
a) organism, population, community, biosphere, ecosystem
b)organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
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c) organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
d)biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
Table 1
Use the table below to answer questions 34 and 35
Biome
Soil
Vegetation
1
Dry; nutrient poor
Succulent plants, scattered
grasses
2
Thin; moist; low in nutrients
Broad-leafed evergreen shrubs
and trees
3
Thin, moist topsoil; nutrient-poor; Mosses, lichens
slightly acidic
4
Moist; nutrient-rich; highly acidic
Giant needle-leafed evergreen
trees
5
High in nutrients; thick
Grasses, few trees
36. Which biome does #2 in the table represent?
a) polar
b) grassland
c) taiga
d) forest
37. Which biome does #5 in the table represent?
a) tundra
b) forest
c) grassland
d) tropical rain forest
38. Which of the following animals would most likely NOT be found in a grassland?
a) bison
b) jack rabbit
c) pronghorn
d) black bear
39. Taiga are characterized by rainfall amounts of
a) about 50 cm
b) over 200 cm
c) about 100 cm
d) under 10 cm
400 Which are usually the last types of plants to appear in the ecological succession of a
prairie?
a) mosses
b) oaks
c) grasses
d) shrubs
41. Which of the following is often used to represent the history of population growth in a stable
environment?
a) exponential phase
b) a J-shaped curve
c) lag phase
d) an S-shaped curve
Complete the following sentences.
42. Populations of organisms that live in and interact in a particular area form a(n)
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______community_____________________.
43. The study of interactions between living things and their environment is
____ecology__________________.
44. A spider that feeds on live insects is an example of a(n)
_____predator_________________.
45. The part of Earth where life exists is the _____biosphere_________________.
46. An environment has reached its ____carrying capacity__________________ when it can
support the largest possible population.
47 – 50 Concept Mapping: Complete the simple Carbon Cycle Map.
Short Answer Tie Breaker Questions, each worth 5 points : write your answer on the
answer sheet.
1. Discuss three adaptations that predators or prey have developed to make their lives easier. Choose
one of the three that you think is most effective and explain why.
2. Compare and contrast respiration and photosynthesis.
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3. Explain how an introduced species may threaten the biodiversity of an area. Provide a
specific example.
4. Theoretically, what amount producers are necessary to provide a 100kg human with the
biomass needed to live as a tertiary consumer? Include a diagram with your answer.
5. Provide an example of a predator/prey relationship and an explanation of how their
populations interact. Include a line graph that depicts how the population of each organism
will fluctuate over time.
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ECOLOGY EVENT EXAM
Science Olympiad - Division B
Booth Middle School Invitational
January 24, 2009
Student Response Sheet
Team Name: _________________________________________
Student Names: ______________________________________
______________________________________
Put all answers on this sheet in the spaces provided.
Multiple Choice and Fill in the Blank
1. _____
11. _____
21. _____
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50. ________
Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2009
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Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2009
ANSWER KEY to Student Response Sheet DO NOT COPY WITH EVENT!!!!!!!!!!!
Multiple Choice and True or False
1. ___A__
11. __C___
21. __C___
31. ___B__
2. ___D__
12. __A___
22. __B___
32. __F___
3. ___C__
13. __D__
23. __C___
33. __T__
4. __A__
14. __D__
24. __A___
34. __T___
5. __A___
15. __D__
25. __C___
35. __T___
6. __A___
16. __C__
26. __C___
36. __F___
7. __C___
17. __A__
27. __C___
37. __photosynthesis
8. __B___
18. __A__
28. __D___
38. __energy
9. __C___
19. ___C__
29. __A___
39. __oxygen
10. ___B__
20. __C___
30. __C___
40. ___respiration
5 points each
1. thickened stems and branches for water storage (and photosynthesis); thick waxy
cuticle to prevent water loss; leaves are spines with reduced surface area (to prevent
water loss) and for protection; leaves have recessed stomata (openings for gas
exchange); photosynthesize at night to prevent water loss.
2. Respiration releases energy stored during the process of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis uses CO2, respiration uses O2. (answers will very)
3. Example: Kudzu grows very quickly, growing over every surface it encounters
choking out any native species.
4. The need increases by approximately 10% per trophic level, so 100,000 kg would be
necessary to support the 100kg tertiary consumer.
5. Example: The fox and rabbit population will rise and fall together with the predator
population following that of the prey.
Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2009