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ECOLOGY EVENT EXAM Science Olympiad - Division B Booth Middle School Invitational January 23, 2010 Team Name: _________________________________________ Student Names: _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Write your answers on the answer sheet. 1. Ecology is best defined as the study of a) the interaction between populations. b) the relationship between birth rate and death rate within a community. c) population increases and decreases in an ecosystem. d) organisms as they interact with other organisms and with their physical environment. 2. What do competition, predation and food availability have in common? a) They are all abiotic factors b) They are all biotic factors c) They are all limiting factors d) Nothing 3. Which of the following does not directly influence a regions climate? a) weather b) solar radiation c) earth’s revolution around the sun d) earth’s rotation around its axis 4. The least diverse biotic communities in the world are found in ___ biomes. a) tundra b) desert c) forest d) grassland 5. Which statement best explains why there are so few large carnivores on earth? a) 90% of the available energy in one tropic level is not converted to the next level. b) Primary producers are scarce. c) Large carnivores prey on each other. d) Biological magnification increases mortality rates in large carnivores. 6. A food web illustrates the: a) relationship between all the producers b) relationship between producers and consumers only c) relationship between all members of an ecological community d) relationship between all the consumers 7. Where would you locate humans on a tropic pyramid? a) on the top because humans are omnivores b) on the bottom because there are more humans than any other species on earth c) second from the bottom because humans evolved to eat plants d) second from the top because humans were sometimes prey to large carnivores 8. The physical location where an organism lives is best described as the organism's a) life zone b) habitat c) niche d) community Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 2 Figure 1 On your answer sheet, label the food chain in Figure 1 with the following terms: energy producer primary consumer secondary consumer tertiary consumer decomposer. 15. Everything else being equal, when the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, this results in a) population growth b) biotic potential c) environmental resistance d) carrying capacity 16. Everything else being equal, when emigration rate is greater than immigration rate a) the population number stays the same b) the population number fluctuates over time c) the population number decreases d) the population number increases 17. The number of individuals per unit area or volume is known as the a) limiting factors b) population distribution c) carrying capacity d) population density 18. Tiaga is the largest biome covering approximately: a) 5 percent of earth’s land area b) 11 percent of earth’s land area c) 15 percent of earth’s land area d) 27 percent of earth’s land area Figure 2 Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 3 Use Figure 2 to choose the BEST answer for questions 19 - 25. 19. The role of grass in this food web is best described as a) decomposer b) consumer c) primary producer d) secondary producer 20. What is the role of the marmot in this food web? a) decomposer b) primary consumer c) producer d) secondary consumer 21. What would happen to the coyote population if the squirrel were suddenly removed from this ecosystem? a) The coyote population would dramatically decrease b) The coyote population would dramatically increase c) The coyote population would be unchanged d) The coyote would completely die out 22. What would happen to the population of marmots if the squirrels were suddenly removed from this ecosystem? a) The marmot population would decrease b) The marmot population would increase c) The marmot population would be unchanged d) The marmots would completely die out 23. Explain what would happen to the insect population if the robins were suddenly removed from this ecosystem. Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 4 a) The insect population would be unchanged b) The insect would completely die out c) The insect population would decrease d) The insect population would increase 24. Which of the organisms in the food web would be classified as secondary consumers? a) marmot b) deer c) squirrel d) robin 25. Which of the organisms in the food web would be classified as tertiary consumers? a) robin b) deer c) coyote d) marmot Figure 3 Use Figure 3 to choose the BEST answer to questions 20 and 21. Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 5 26. Which location(s) represents a grassland biome? a) 7 b) 8 c) 9 d) 8 and 9 e) 7, 8, and 9 27. Which location represents taiga? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 e) 4 and 5 d) 5 28. Which of the following contribute to the production of atmospheric carbon dioxide? a) oceanic sediments b) burning fossil fuels c) photosynthesis by plants d) soils 29. A scientist studying the way egrets, herons, and crabs interact, who is not interested in abiotic factors such as the rocks, water, and temperature, is studying what level of environmental organization? a) population c) community b)ecosystem d) biosphere 30. Two species of Anolis lizard share the same niche and therefore compete for the same food sources (insects). However, A. distichus perches on fence posts and other sunny surfaces while A. insolitus usually perches on shady branches. This type of competition is called: a) commensalisms c) competitive exclusion b) resource partitioning d) intraspecific competition 31. The characteristics of a praying mantis make it easy for it to be camouflaged by the green stems of plants. While camouflaged, a praying mantis can feed on other insects that inhabit or feed on a plant. If a praying mantis feeds on natural enemies of a plant, what type of relationship is occurring between the praying mantis and the plant? a)camouflage c) mutualism b)competition d) parasitism 32. A pigeon finds its way home using landmarks such as mountain ranges and buildings. These landmarks are a) external stimuli. c) internal stimuli. b) known as body language. D) known as estivation. 33. The largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time. a) carrying capacity b) limiting factor c) population density d)density dependence 34. How an organism survives, including its habitat, and how it obtains food and shelter. a) life zone b) habitat c) niche d) community 35. Population, community, biosphere, organism, and ecosystem are all terms that are related to the environment. Choose the set that has the terms arranged in order from simplest to most complex. a) organism, population, community, biosphere, ecosystem b)organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 6 c) organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere d)biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism Table 1 Use the table below to answer questions 34 and 35 Biome Soil Vegetation 1 Dry; nutrient poor Succulent plants, scattered grasses 2 Thin; moist; low in nutrients Broad-leafed evergreen shrubs and trees 3 Thin, moist topsoil; nutrient-poor; Mosses, lichens slightly acidic 4 Moist; nutrient-rich; highly acidic Giant needle-leafed evergreen trees 5 High in nutrients; thick Grasses, few trees 36. Which biome does #2 in the table represent? a) polar b) grassland c) taiga d) forest 37. Which biome does #5 in the table represent? a) tundra b) forest c) grassland d) tropical rain forest 38. Which of the following animals would most likely NOT be found in a grassland? a) bison b) jack rabbit c) pronghorn d) black bear 39. Taiga are characterized by rainfall amounts of a) about 50 cm b) over 200 cm c) about 100 cm d) under 10 cm 400 Which are usually the last types of plants to appear in the ecological succession of a prairie? a) mosses b) oaks c) grasses d) shrubs 41. Which of the following is often used to represent the history of population growth in a stable environment? a) exponential phase b) a J-shaped curve c) lag phase d) an S-shaped curve Complete the following sentences. 42. Populations of organisms that live in and interact in a particular area form a(n) Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 7 ______community_____________________. 43. The study of interactions between living things and their environment is ____ecology__________________. 44. A spider that feeds on live insects is an example of a(n) _____predator_________________. 45. The part of Earth where life exists is the _____biosphere_________________. 46. An environment has reached its ____carrying capacity__________________ when it can support the largest possible population. 47 – 50 Concept Mapping: Complete the simple Carbon Cycle Map. Short Answer Tie Breaker Questions, each worth 5 points : write your answer on the answer sheet. 1. Discuss three adaptations that predators or prey have developed to make their lives easier. Choose one of the three that you think is most effective and explain why. 2. Compare and contrast respiration and photosynthesis. Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 8 3. Explain how an introduced species may threaten the biodiversity of an area. Provide a specific example. 4. Theoretically, what amount producers are necessary to provide a 100kg human with the biomass needed to live as a tertiary consumer? Include a diagram with your answer. 5. Provide an example of a predator/prey relationship and an explanation of how their populations interact. Include a line graph that depicts how the population of each organism will fluctuate over time. Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2010 9 ECOLOGY EVENT EXAM Science Olympiad - Division B Booth Middle School Invitational January 24, 2009 Student Response Sheet Team Name: _________________________________________ Student Names: ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Put all answers on this sheet in the spaces provided. Multiple Choice and Fill in the Blank 1. _____ 11. _____ 21. _____ 31. _____ 41. ________ 2. _____ 12. _____ 22. _____ 32. _____ 42. ________ 3. _____ 13. _____ 23. _____ 33. ____ 43. ________ 4. _____ 14. _____ 24. _____ 34. _____ 44. ________ 5. _____ 15. _____ 25. _____ 35. _____ 45. ________ 6. _____ 16. _____ 26. _____ 36. _____ 46. ________ 7. _____ 17. _____ 27. _____ 37. _____ 47. ________ 8. _____ 18. _____ 28. _____ 38. _____ 48. ________ 9. _____ 19. _____ 29. _____ 39. _____ 49. ________ 10. _____ 20. _____ 30. _____ 40. _____ 50. ________ Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2009 __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2009 ANSWER KEY to Student Response Sheet DO NOT COPY WITH EVENT!!!!!!!!!!! Multiple Choice and True or False 1. ___A__ 11. __C___ 21. __C___ 31. ___B__ 2. ___D__ 12. __A___ 22. __B___ 32. __F___ 3. ___C__ 13. __D__ 23. __C___ 33. __T__ 4. __A__ 14. __D__ 24. __A___ 34. __T___ 5. __A___ 15. __D__ 25. __C___ 35. __T___ 6. __A___ 16. __C__ 26. __C___ 36. __F___ 7. __C___ 17. __A__ 27. __C___ 37. __photosynthesis 8. __B___ 18. __A__ 28. __D___ 38. __energy 9. __C___ 19. ___C__ 29. __A___ 39. __oxygen 10. ___B__ 20. __C___ 30. __C___ 40. ___respiration 5 points each 1. thickened stems and branches for water storage (and photosynthesis); thick waxy cuticle to prevent water loss; leaves are spines with reduced surface area (to prevent water loss) and for protection; leaves have recessed stomata (openings for gas exchange); photosynthesize at night to prevent water loss. 2. Respiration releases energy stored during the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses CO2, respiration uses O2. (answers will very) 3. Example: Kudzu grows very quickly, growing over every surface it encounters choking out any native species. 4. The need increases by approximately 10% per trophic level, so 100,000 kg would be necessary to support the 100kg tertiary consumer. 5. Example: The fox and rabbit population will rise and fall together with the predator population following that of the prey. Ecology Event Exam – Booth Invitational 2009