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2nd Quarter Science Study Guide Vocabulary words to know: Cell Organelle Selectively permeable Diffusion Osmosis Passive transport Active transport Photosynthesis Chlorophyll Respiration Fermentation Questions to answer: Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Cells and Heredity Questions: Chapter 1 1. What is the cell theory? 2. Describe three methods by which substances move into and out of cells. 3. How is osmosis and diffusion related? Chapter 2 Section 1 1. What happens during the process of photosynthesis? 2. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Chapter 2 Section2 1. What events occur during respiration? 2. How are photosynthesis and respiration related? 3. What is the chemical equation for respiration? Chapter 2 Section 3 1. What are the three stages of the cell cycle? 2. What events occur at each stage of the cell cycle? Mitosis Replication Chromosome Chromatid Cytokinesis What function does each of the following parts of a cell do? Be able to identify the different structures on the pictures of the plant and animal cells at the end of this study guide. Cell wall Cell membrane Golgi body Chloroplast Nucleus Chromatin Ribosome Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondria Lysosome Endoplasmic reticulum Task: Identify Interphase as well as each phase of mitosis. Use the descriptions below to assist you. Terms to Use: Anaphase - the phase of mitosis in which the Interphase - the phase of a cell's life cycle in which DNA is chromosomes begin to separate. Centrioles - paired cylindrical organelles, arranged at right angles to each other, located at the center of a microtubule. Centromeres - a centromere is the constricted region of a nuclear chromosome - microfibers attach to the centromere during mitosis. Chromosomes - structures in the nucleus that contain DNA molecules that contain the genes. replicated. Microtubules - tiny filaments (about 25 nanometers in diameter) that are active in mitosis. Metaphase - the phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the equator (the central plane) of the cell. Prophase - the phase of mitosis in which the duplicated chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope dissolves, and centrioles divide and move to opposite ends of the cell. Telophase - the last phase of mitosis, when the chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell, two new nuclear envelopes form, and the chromosomes uncoil.