Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB881 Project Name Region Sector Project ID GEF Focal Area Borrower(s) Implementing Agency Environment Category Safeguard Classification Date PID Prepared Estimated Date of Appraisal Authorization Estimated Date of Board Approval 0Reg. Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries AFRICA General agriculture, fishing and forestry sector (100%) P072202 OP 8 (International Waters/Large Marine Ecosystem) Regional. Current Coordinator of Preparation is Mozambique Various in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles and Mauritius [ ] A [] B [X] C [ ] FI [] TBD (to be determined) [ ] S1 [ ] S2 [ ] S3 [ ] SF [X] TBD (to be determined) April 26, 2004 February 1, 2005 June 28, 2005 1. Key development issues and rationale for Bank involvement FAO classifies the world’s oceans into 16 fishing areas, ten of which have been declared fully fished or overexploited, and only six of which are considered to have remaining development potential. In 1997, the FAO estimated that the West Indian Ocean region (WIO) had relatively the greatest fishery potential. Since then, distant nation fleets have increasingly shifted their fishing effort to the WIO. As most of the countries surrounding the WIO lack the capacity and technical information required to effectively manage the region’s oceanic resources, the development potential of these regions cannot be fully realised. If these countries are to benefit in an environmentally and socially sustainable way from the resource potential of their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), it is essential to develop and implement a regional fisheries management strategy, based on scientifically defensible principles. The SWIOFP participating countries have already extensively developed their coastal fisheries, generating high levels of dependency for protein food and employment. These countries also recognise the inherent potential of sustainably exploiting their 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone to meet national and regional development imperatives. The additional benefit that may accrue from developing offshore resources is only impeded by a lack of a regional management framework and technical information. 1.1. Links between the Fisheries and the Environment The east coast of Africa represents a wide range of oceanographic environments and the western Indian Ocean is the site of some of the most dynamically varying large marine ecosystems (LMEs) in the world. Its waters are largely oligotrophic, and a number of ocean currents predominate in the region-- notably the South Equatorial Current, the East Madagascar Current, the Mozambique Current and the East African Coastal Current. To the north is the Somali LME that develops during the southwest monsoon to become one of the most intense coastal upwelling systems in the world. This upwelling brings rich nutrients to the surface of tropical surface waters. Similarly, the Agulhas LME to the south represents a region of dynamic nutrient cycling and associated fisheries potential. Significantly, the Agulhas and Mozambique Currents link these two major LMEs of the western Indian Ocean which influence the region’s ecosystems, biodiversity and fishery resources. The Somali and the Agulhas LMEs are unique and are of great regional, and possibly global, importance. Yet there is generally little information about the LMEs and the systems linking them. Nor is there adequate and specific information about the species composition, distribution, behavior and migration of non-commercial and commercial fish stocks. At their present level of economic development, the countries are unable to fully estimate the potential of the marine ecosystems concerned, nor to monitor the human pressure on these systems. 1.2. The SWIOFP within a LME Approach The LME Program is in response to initial country requests from Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa and Madagascar for assistance in better managing the living resources and habitat of their shared marine ecosystems. The SWIOFP is but one of three projects comprising the Agulhas and Somali Currents LME Program. The SWIOFP would be prepared and supervised by the World Bank. The other two projects under the LME Program would be prepared and executed by UNDP with close cooperation in preparation by the World Bank... Project preparation as well as project execution will require intensive coordination of content and timing. The other two projects are: i) A UNDP-led project on building capacity and science for the sustainable use of WIO-LMEs; and ii) A pilot coastal zone management project that is also UNDP-led. These two projects under the LMEProgram would fill gaps in the scientific understanding of the physical, biological and chemical environment of the Agulhas and Somali LMEs and presumed linkages with inshore areas. It is therefore essential to fully describe the impact of these currents on the physical/chemical/biological environment of the proposed project area (the same area as that of the SWIOFP, as well as science linkages to inshore coastal resources). The UNDP components have close links to the SWIOFP through the exchange of information, the coordinated implementation of oceanographic surveys and fish stock assessments and the sharing of ocean going vessels. SWIOFP/UNDP Coordination within LME Program LME-SWIOFP LME-OCEANOGRAPHY LME- COASTAL1 ACTIVITY IDA Administered UNDP Admin. UNDP Admin. Indicative Fish Stock Assessment Using Leased Offshore Research Vessels Main Activity, but done on a regional basis so not exhaustive work Might sublease SWIOFP vessels for oceanographic work None Indicative fish pressure survey in offshore areas using leased aircraft Main Activity, but done on a regional basis so not exhaustive work Might sublease SWIOFP aircraft for specialized upper air and surface current oceanographic work None Setting up Marine Fisheries Authority to manage coastal and marine fisheries Local management of SWIOFP would probably be based in the Tz Marine Fisheries Authority Project management for oceanographic work would liaise with Tz. Marine Fisheries Authority est. by Bank-supported MACEMP Project management for oceanographic work would liaise with Tz. Marine Fisheries Authority 1 The UNDP Coastal Project within the Agulhas and Somali Current LME Program is limited to pilot projects designed to test environmentally sustainable management activities in the coastal zone. As such, they will need to closely liaise with other initiatives such as those undertaken by USAID, WWF, IUCN, DANIDA, and SIDA amongst others. est. by Bank-supported MACEMP Coastal Livelihood Activities Capacity Staff building Facilitation of environmentally and socially sustainable private sector development of None None Main activity of this project. . Main activity of SWIOFP, but mainly tied to technical staff that would participate in indicative fish stock assessment Support activity of oceanographic project, but limited to technical oceanographic staff participating in survey Support activity of coastal project, but limited to technical staff participating in coastal pilot project work Minor activity limited to end-of-Project assessment of commercial development potential of offshore fishery None Limited to end of pilot assessments of development potential (rampingup possibilities) 2. Proposed objective(s) The SWIOFP is seen as the first phase of a long-term commitment to sustainable management of offshore marine fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean. There are therefore “project” and “program” objectives. The Program Objective is to develop sufficient knowledge and sufficient legal and institutional capacity to act on that knowledge to manage the fishery in the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) of the participating Project countries to obtain maximum economic returns from this resource, consistent with a management strategy that stresses environmental sustainability and socially equitable distribution of the benefits of exploitation. The Program Objective is expected to be achieved over a period of about 15 years, broken into two phases. The first phase is the currently proposed SWIOFP, which is expected to have a life of 7 years and focus more on science and capacity building. The second phase would be between 7-10 years and apply the knowledge gained through national management and regional coordination groups to achieve the Program Objective of environmentally and socially sustainable management of the offshore fishery resource. The Project Objective relates specifically to SWIOFP and reflects the ecosystemic approach to fish stock identification. The project objective of SWIOFP is to identify important fish stocks within the Southwest Indian Ocean, preliminarily determine fishing pressure on these stocks, and identify how the environment defines the life history (systematics) of these to be better able to identify variability in yearly estimates of stock health and differentiate between environmental and anthropogenic causes of any differences in the measure of fish stock health. 3. Rationale for GEF Involvement GEF involvement will help identify and reverse any depletion of fisheries in the LMEs of SubSaharan Africa, and will assist the individual coastal countries bordering these LMEs to meet the fisheries targets set by the WSSD, It will also identify commercially important species of fish within the 200 mile EEZ that are currently, or might be in the future, under commercial exploitation. Likewise, the SWIOFP will identify possible linkages and establish long-term monitoring programs to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the systematics of important fish species. GEF involvement in this regional activity promotes improved monitoring and more effectively management, especially of fish stock that are migratory or that straddle national boundaries The proposed SWIOFP is eligible under provisions of the GEF/OP8 that relate specifically to LME’s. Of particular relevance are Paragraphs 8.2 and 8.21 of the GEF that support responsible and environmentally sustainable use of marine fisheries. The SWIOFP aims to identify the biodiversity conservation and resource use issues, prioritize these issues, develop capacity to address these issues, and set the stage for regional management of fish stocks in the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone of the countries bordering the West and Southwest Indian Ocean (see section 2, above for a description of how SWIOFP fits, as one of three “project legs” supporting the Somali and Agulhas Currents LME Program). It is very unlikely that any single country would have the ability to identify, much less manage, the fish migratory and straddling fish stocks within its waters, given the high cost of manpower and facilities to study and protect these regional fisheries. 4. Preliminary description SWIOFP project is a multinational, GEF initiative aimed at improving the scientific understanding of the main physical and ecological features of the WIO, and how these and anthropogenic activities impact of marine fish stocks. The main source of environmental data will feed into SWIOFP from its “sister” Oceanographic and Coastal Demonstrations Projects that form the other 2 parts of the Somali and Agulhas Currents Large Marine Ecosystem Program SWIOFP itself focuses on fisheries, including large pelagics, and is designed to maximise the use of existing information, collection of pertinent new data, enhancement of institutional capacity and promotion of regionally shared responsibilities towards resource management. Nine countries, including one developed country (France), are participants in the SWIOFP. The study area is perhaps the largest of any ever included in a GEF or Bank project. Because of the inherent difficulties in working across such diverse political and geographical areas, the activities supported by SWIOFP are, of necessity, quite limited. There are only three project components: i) Identification and assessment of current status of important fish stocks within the 200 mile EEZ of participating countries, with particular emphasis given to straddling and migratory stocks; ii) Obtaining an estimate of the location, distribution, targets and intensity of fishing pressure on these stocks; iii) establishment of a regional, project coordinating unit that can evolve or merge into an existing regional marine fisheries coordinating body; iv) Building capacity and harmonizing legislation regionally to manage the offshore fishery. The regional nature of SWIOFP requires a unique approach to preparation of the project components. During the preparation phase, project coordination takes place via a SWIOFP Secretariat, hosted by Mozambique (which will be replaced by an, as yet, unspecified regional management structure). During implementation each country will have its own National Secretariat, managed by a National Coordinator, which is currently the preparation focal point identified by that country. Implementing Institutions will be identified within each country to assist with executing various national components of the SWIOFP. This proposed structure is seen as indicative. The eventual operational structures of SWIOFP will need to be agreed to at plenary level. At present, however, identification of Project activities, integration of national/regional agencies and programs into SWIOFP, and how the Project will be implemented in a harmonious way within and between participating countries is the responsibility of 5 committees hosted by different countries within SWIOFP. These are: The Science Plan- South African leadership: Guide and integrate all components of the project, including institutional capacity development and the scientific basis for the ultimate management strategy and its implementation. These mainly include preliminary fish stock identification and assessment and fish pressure surveys. Database Management and Data Interpretation/Dissemination- Kenya leadership: Analysis of existing fisheries information, development of a regional database and data access protocols, and fisheries statistic program/methodology harmonization. Procurement and Operational Issues- Tanzania leadership: Harmonizing procurement activities and developing the basis for regional procurement of leased vessels, leased surveillance aircraft and other regional Project assets. Development of protocols for use of regional Project assets; Legal Issues- France leadership: Includes agreements between SWIOFP countries to cooperate in conduct of the Project (access of Project assets and staff immigration on Project business, etc.), Project activities to harmonize relevant fisheries legislation, Project activities for regional enforcement of harmonized regulations, etc. Regional management structure- Madagascar leadership: Development of national Project implementation and Regional Project coordination bodies and how these will interface with existing regional groups. 4.1. Funding Funding is sought from GEF and multi/bilateral organizations. However, individual countries will benefit from any improved use of EEZ resources potentially resulting in increased government revenues. This more efficient and environmentally sustainable management justifies government support for the Project. In fact, the Project has already secured strong support and commitments from participating countries, with a preliminary schedule of contributions in cash and in-kind that can be directed to the project. GEF/IDA: Use of GEF funds in the SWIOFP will play a catalytic role in expanding government management into areas of environmental conservation and biodiversity protection of the offshore marine waters which they currently can not address. More importantly, GEF-support in the initial phase of the LME Program (of which the SWIOFP is but one part) will leverage continued support of conservation and environmentally sustainable development principles by governments over the longterm through the larger and more ambitious second phase of the LME Program. This relation between science and the transition to sustainable development is seen as occurring even without major GEF involvement in phase 2 of the LME Program. Bilateral Grant: Informal discussions have already been held with ICEIDA and NORAD. A regional donor’s conference, called by Mozambique on behalf of all countries in the SWIOFP, is planned for late calendar 2004 or early 2005. 4.2. Progress to date Much has already been achieved during this first PDF-B preparation phase. In order to share the project’s development responsibilities and to create a regional sense of “project ownership”, the preparation phase has been structured into several themes allocated to different. Theme Regional secretariat Study area defined Initiated Yes Yes Country Mozambique All Status 1 phase Complete 1st phase Complete st Vision defined Science plan Operations and procurement Project management Capacity building SWIOFP/LME interface Legal instruments Information & data management Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes All South Africa Tanzania Madagascar France Kenya 1st phase Complete 1st phase Complete 1st phase Complete Underway Underway 1st phase Complete 5. Safeguard policies that might apply SWIOFP is mainly a science oriented project. The Project is regional and addresses management over exploitation of shared fisheries resources. As such would fall under the International Waters Safeguard Policy. However, the Project is designed to develop a harmonized management of shared resources in the West Indian Ocean and OP 7.50 requirements for including “riparians” as all countries in the Western Indian Ocean are included in the Project. Tentative financing Source: BORROWER/RECIPIENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY LOCAL SOURCES OF BORROWING COUNTRY Total Contact point Contact: William Leeds Lane Title: Sr Environmental Spec. Tel: (202) 473-7325 Fax: Email: [email protected] ($m.) 5 12 10 10 37