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The Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project Climate Change Adaptation to Improve Resilience of Coastal Fisheries & Communities an Overview www.boblme.org Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project Some Facts o 8 countries o 6.2 million km2 o 450 million people affected Transboundary issues • over exploitation of fish stocks • habitat degradation • land based pollution Two major outputs: Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) A report on the major transboundary issues and their causes Strategic Action Programme (SAP) A (strategic action) plan for addressing the major transboundary issues and their causes and their causes Expected Outcomes of the BOBLME Project • Improved governance of fisheries and environment • More effective regional cooperation • An enhanced knowledge base • Capacity development • Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF) management • Healthier habitats and ecosystems, sustainable fisheries Scale of operation • Sub-national to National to sub-regional and regional - Working group meetings - Stakeholder consultations - Research initiatives Networking & Convergence activities by BOBLME • Ministries of Government of India - MoA (DAHDF), MoEF • Ministries of State governments • Research Institutions - Fisheries, environment, coastal zone management • Non-governmental Organisations - Livelihood, biodiversity conservation • Fisher associations Importance of coastal fisheries to Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu & Puducherry • Catch: 0.6 million tonnes • Value: ~ Rs 3,100 crores • Investment on the sector: ~ Rs 20,000 crores • Fishermen population: 1.3 million • Active fishers: 0.35 million Climate change impacts Impacts on communities Impacts on fish Impacts on Fish • Category 1: Shift in latitudinal distribution • Category 2: Extension of distributional boundary • Category 3: No shift/extension of boundary, but change in biomass • Category 4: Shift in depth of occurrence • Category 5: Spatial shift in spawning • Category 6: Temporal shift in spawning Story of oil sardine 155,000 t 60,000 t 2000 15 t1985 2012 Impact factors on fishing communities Fishing community lives very close to the coast. Cyclone Storm surges Floods Sea level rise Coastal erosion Fish availability Vulnerability of Communities • Demography: Dense population, low literacy • Infrastructure: Semi-permanent dwelling units vis-à-vis sea erosion • Occupation: Limited alternative skills • Climatic parameters: Cyclones, anomalies • Fisheries: Non-motorised boats with low mobility, catch fluctuations Climate Change & Coastal Fisheries: Themes for Networking • Temperature, Current, Salinity Physical • Sea Level, Cyclone • Biodiversity Biologic • Distribution, Abundance al • Phenological changes • Cost and revenue from marine systems Econo • Pressure exerted on international trade patterns mics • Adapting marine systems to carbon-regulated economy • Community based disaster preparedness Societa • Extent/scale of loss of livelihood • Level of understanding l • In support of human and ecological well-being Gover- • Promotion of Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries, ICZM, MPAs, nance • Sea safety measures Developing Adaptation Networks • Generate evidence • Establish linkages between science, policy and practice at micro and macrolevels; • Establish a common knowledge-base with network members on how ecosystem approaches can contribute to people-centered adaptation; • Identify location’s priority needs as well as that of national climate change network(s); • Explore how to support ongoing or future network activities. www.boblme.org