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PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID)
CONCEPT STAGE
Report No.: AB881
Project Name
Region
Sector
Project ID
GEF Focal Area
Borrower(s)
Implementing Agency
Environment Category
Safeguard Classification
Date PID Prepared
Estimated Date of
Appraisal Authorization
Estimated Date of Board
Approval
0Reg. Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries
AFRICA
General agriculture, fishing and forestry sector (100%)
P072202
OP 8 (International Waters/Large Marine Ecosystem)
Regional. Current Coordinator of Preparation is Mozambique
Various in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa,
Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles and Mauritius
[ ] A [] B [X] C [ ] FI [] TBD (to be determined)
[ ] S1 [ ] S2 [ ] S3 [ ] SF [X] TBD (to be determined)
April 26, 2004
February 1, 2005
June 28, 2005
1. Key development issues and rationale for Bank involvement
FAO classifies the world’s oceans into 16 fishing areas, ten of which have been declared fully fished
or overexploited, and only six of which are considered to have remaining development potential. In
1997, the FAO estimated that the West Indian Ocean region (WIO) had relatively the greatest fishery
potential. Since then, distant nation fleets have increasingly shifted their fishing effort to the WIO.
As most of the countries surrounding the WIO lack the capacity and technical information required to
effectively manage the region’s oceanic resources, the development potential of these regions cannot
be fully realised. If these countries are to benefit in an environmentally and socially sustainable way
from the resource potential of their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), it is essential to develop and
implement a regional fisheries management strategy, based on scientifically defensible principles.
The SWIOFP participating countries have already extensively developed their coastal fisheries,
generating high levels of dependency for protein food and employment. These countries also
recognise the inherent potential of sustainably exploiting their 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone to
meet national and regional development imperatives. The additional benefit that may accrue from
developing offshore resources is only impeded by a lack of a regional management framework and
technical information.
1.1. Links between the Fisheries and the Environment
The east coast of Africa represents a wide range of oceanographic environments and the western
Indian Ocean is the site of some of the most dynamically varying large marine ecosystems (LMEs) in
the world. Its waters are largely oligotrophic, and a number of ocean currents predominate in the
region-- notably the South Equatorial Current, the East Madagascar Current, the Mozambique
Current and the East African Coastal Current. To the north is the Somali LME that develops during
the southwest monsoon to become one of the most intense coastal upwelling systems in the world.
This upwelling brings rich nutrients to the surface of tropical surface waters. Similarly, the Agulhas
LME to the south represents a region of dynamic nutrient cycling and associated fisheries potential.
Significantly, the Agulhas and Mozambique Currents link these two major LMEs of the western
Indian Ocean which influence the region’s ecosystems, biodiversity and fishery resources.
The Somali and the Agulhas LMEs are unique and are of great regional, and possibly global,
importance. Yet there is generally little information about the LMEs and the systems linking them.
Nor is there adequate and specific information about the species composition, distribution, behavior
and migration of non-commercial and commercial fish stocks. At their present level of economic
development, the countries are unable to fully estimate the potential of the marine ecosystems
concerned, nor to monitor the human pressure on these systems.
1.2. The SWIOFP within a LME Approach
The LME Program is in response to initial country requests from Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique,
South Africa and Madagascar for assistance in better managing the living resources and habitat of
their shared marine ecosystems. The SWIOFP is but one of three projects comprising the Agulhas
and Somali Currents LME Program. The SWIOFP would be prepared and supervised by the World
Bank. The other two projects under the LME Program would be prepared and executed by UNDP
with close cooperation in preparation by the World Bank... Project preparation as well as project
execution will require intensive coordination of content and timing. The other two projects are: i) A
UNDP-led project on building capacity and science for the sustainable use of WIO-LMEs; and ii)
A pilot coastal zone management project that is also UNDP-led. These two projects under the LMEProgram would fill gaps in the scientific understanding of the physical, biological and chemical
environment of the Agulhas and Somali LMEs and presumed linkages with inshore areas. It is
therefore essential to fully describe the impact of these currents on the physical/chemical/biological
environment of the proposed project area (the same area as that of the SWIOFP, as well as science
linkages to inshore coastal resources). The UNDP components have close links to the SWIOFP
through the exchange of information, the coordinated implementation of oceanographic surveys and
fish stock assessments and the sharing of ocean going vessels.
SWIOFP/UNDP Coordination within LME Program
LME-SWIOFP
LME-OCEANOGRAPHY
LME- COASTAL1
ACTIVITY
IDA Administered
UNDP Admin.
UNDP Admin.
Indicative Fish Stock
Assessment Using
Leased Offshore
Research Vessels
Main Activity, but
done on a regional
basis so not exhaustive
work
Might sublease SWIOFP
vessels for oceanographic
work
None
Indicative fish pressure
survey in offshore areas
using leased aircraft
Main Activity, but
done on a regional
basis so not exhaustive
work
Might sublease SWIOFP
aircraft for specialized upper
air and surface current
oceanographic work
None
Setting up Marine
Fisheries Authority to
manage coastal and
marine fisheries
Local management of
SWIOFP would
probably be based in
the Tz Marine
Fisheries Authority
Project management for
oceanographic work would
liaise with Tz. Marine
Fisheries Authority est. by
Bank-supported MACEMP
Project management
for oceanographic
work would liaise
with Tz. Marine
Fisheries Authority
1
The UNDP Coastal Project within the Agulhas and Somali Current LME Program is limited to pilot projects designed to test environmentally
sustainable management activities in the coastal zone. As such, they will need to closely liaise with other initiatives such as those undertaken by
USAID, WWF, IUCN, DANIDA, and SIDA amongst others.
est. by Bank-supported
MACEMP
Coastal Livelihood
Activities
Capacity
Staff
building
Facilitation of
environmentally and
socially sustainable
private sector
development
of
None
None
Main activity of this
project. .
Main activity of
SWIOFP, but mainly
tied to technical staff
that would participate
in indicative fish stock
assessment
Support activity of
oceanographic project, but
limited to technical
oceanographic staff
participating in survey
Support activity of
coastal project, but
limited to technical
staff participating in
coastal pilot project
work
Minor activity limited
to end-of-Project
assessment of
commercial
development potential
of offshore fishery
None
Limited to end of
pilot assessments of
development
potential (rampingup possibilities)
2. Proposed objective(s)
The SWIOFP is seen as the first phase of a long-term commitment to sustainable management of
offshore marine fisheries in the Western Indian Ocean. There are therefore “project” and “program”
objectives. The Program Objective is to develop sufficient knowledge and sufficient legal and
institutional capacity to act on that knowledge to manage the fishery in the 200 mile Exclusive
Economic Zones (EEZ) of the participating Project countries to obtain maximum economic returns
from this resource, consistent with a management strategy that stresses environmental sustainability
and socially equitable distribution of the benefits of exploitation. The Program Objective is expected
to be achieved over a period of about 15 years, broken into two phases. The first phase is the
currently proposed SWIOFP, which is expected to have a life of 7 years and focus more on science
and capacity building. The second phase would be between 7-10 years and apply the knowledge
gained through national management and regional coordination groups to achieve the Program
Objective of environmentally and socially sustainable management of the offshore fishery resource.
The Project Objective relates specifically to SWIOFP and reflects the ecosystemic approach to fish
stock identification. The project objective of SWIOFP is to identify important fish stocks within the
Southwest Indian Ocean, preliminarily determine fishing pressure on these stocks, and identify how
the environment defines the life history (systematics) of these to be better able to identify variability
in yearly estimates of stock health and differentiate between environmental and anthropogenic
causes of any differences in the measure of fish stock health.
3. Rationale for GEF Involvement
GEF involvement will help identify and reverse any depletion of fisheries in the LMEs of SubSaharan Africa, and will assist the individual coastal countries bordering these LMEs to meet the
fisheries targets set by the WSSD, It will also identify commercially important species of fish within
the 200 mile EEZ that are currently, or might be in the future, under commercial exploitation.
Likewise, the SWIOFP will identify possible linkages and establish long-term monitoring programs
to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the systematics of important fish
species. GEF involvement in this regional activity promotes improved monitoring and more
effectively management, especially of fish stock that are migratory or that straddle national
boundaries
The proposed SWIOFP is eligible under provisions of the GEF/OP8 that relate specifically to LME’s.
Of particular relevance are Paragraphs 8.2 and 8.21 of the GEF that support responsible and
environmentally sustainable use of marine fisheries. The SWIOFP aims to identify the biodiversity
conservation and resource use issues, prioritize these issues, develop capacity to address these issues,
and set the stage for regional management of fish stocks in the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone of
the countries bordering the West and Southwest Indian Ocean (see section 2, above for a description
of how SWIOFP fits, as one of three “project legs” supporting the Somali and Agulhas Currents
LME Program). It is very unlikely that any single country would have the ability to identify, much
less manage, the fish migratory and straddling fish stocks within its waters, given the high cost of
manpower and facilities to study and protect these regional fisheries.
4. Preliminary description
SWIOFP project is a multinational, GEF initiative aimed at improving the scientific understanding of
the main physical and ecological features of the WIO, and how these and anthropogenic activities
impact of marine fish stocks. The main source of environmental data will feed into SWIOFP from its
“sister” Oceanographic and Coastal Demonstrations Projects that form the other 2 parts of the Somali
and Agulhas Currents Large Marine Ecosystem Program SWIOFP itself focuses on fisheries,
including large pelagics, and is designed to maximise the use of existing information, collection of
pertinent new data, enhancement of institutional capacity and promotion of regionally shared
responsibilities towards resource management.
Nine countries, including one developed country (France), are participants in the SWIOFP. The
study area is perhaps the largest of any ever included in a GEF or Bank project. Because of the
inherent difficulties in working across such diverse political and geographical areas, the activities
supported by SWIOFP are, of necessity, quite limited. There are only three project components: i)
Identification and assessment of current status of important fish stocks within the 200 mile EEZ of
participating countries, with particular emphasis given to straddling and migratory stocks; ii)
Obtaining an estimate of the location, distribution, targets and intensity of fishing pressure on these
stocks; iii) establishment of a regional, project coordinating unit that can evolve or merge into an
existing regional marine fisheries coordinating body; iv) Building capacity and harmonizing
legislation regionally to manage the offshore fishery.
The regional nature of SWIOFP requires a unique approach to preparation of the project components.
During the preparation phase, project coordination takes place via a SWIOFP Secretariat, hosted by
Mozambique (which will be replaced by an, as yet, unspecified regional management structure).
During implementation each country will have its own National Secretariat, managed by a National
Coordinator, which is currently the preparation focal point identified by that country. Implementing
Institutions will be identified within each country to assist with executing various national
components of the SWIOFP. This proposed structure is seen as indicative. The eventual operational
structures of SWIOFP will need to be agreed to at plenary level. At present, however, identification
of Project activities, integration of national/regional agencies and programs into SWIOFP, and how
the Project will be implemented in a harmonious way within and between participating countries is
the responsibility of 5 committees hosted by different countries within SWIOFP. These are:
The Science Plan- South African leadership: Guide and integrate all components of the project,
including institutional capacity development and the scientific basis for the ultimate management
strategy and its implementation. These mainly include preliminary fish stock identification and
assessment and fish pressure surveys.
Database Management and Data Interpretation/Dissemination- Kenya leadership: Analysis of
existing fisheries information, development of a regional database and data access protocols, and
fisheries statistic program/methodology harmonization.
Procurement and Operational Issues- Tanzania leadership: Harmonizing procurement activities and
developing the basis for regional procurement of leased vessels, leased surveillance aircraft and other
regional Project assets. Development of protocols for use of regional Project assets;
Legal Issues- France leadership: Includes agreements between SWIOFP countries to cooperate in
conduct of the Project (access of Project assets and staff immigration on Project business, etc.),
Project activities to harmonize relevant fisheries legislation, Project activities for regional
enforcement of harmonized regulations, etc.
Regional management structure- Madagascar leadership: Development of national Project
implementation and Regional Project coordination bodies and how these will interface with existing
regional groups.
4.1. Funding
Funding is sought from GEF and multi/bilateral organizations. However, individual countries will
benefit from any improved use of EEZ resources potentially resulting in increased government
revenues. This more efficient and environmentally sustainable management justifies government
support for the Project. In fact, the Project has already secured strong support and commitments
from participating countries, with a preliminary schedule of contributions in cash and in-kind that can
be directed to the project.
GEF/IDA: Use of GEF funds in the SWIOFP will play a catalytic role in expanding government
management into areas of environmental conservation and biodiversity protection of the offshore
marine waters which they currently can not address. More importantly, GEF-support in the initial
phase of the LME Program (of which the SWIOFP is but one part) will leverage continued support of
conservation and environmentally sustainable development principles by governments over the longterm through the larger and more ambitious second phase of the LME Program. This relation
between science and the transition to sustainable development is seen as occurring even without
major GEF involvement in phase 2 of the LME Program.
Bilateral Grant: Informal discussions have already been held with ICEIDA and NORAD. A
regional donor’s conference, called by Mozambique on behalf of all countries in the SWIOFP, is
planned for late calendar 2004 or early 2005.
4.2. Progress to date
Much has already been achieved during this first PDF-B preparation phase. In order to share the
project’s development responsibilities and to create a regional sense of “project ownership”, the
preparation phase has been structured into several themes allocated to different.
Theme
Regional secretariat
Study area defined
Initiated
Yes
Yes
Country
Mozambique
All
Status
1 phase Complete
1st phase Complete
st
Vision defined
Science plan
Operations and procurement
Project management
Capacity building
SWIOFP/LME interface
Legal instruments
Information & data
management
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
Yes
All
South Africa
Tanzania
Madagascar
France
Kenya
1st phase Complete
1st phase Complete
1st phase Complete
Underway
Underway
1st phase Complete
5. Safeguard policies that might apply
SWIOFP is mainly a science oriented project. The Project is regional and addresses management
over exploitation of shared fisheries resources. As such would fall under the International Waters
Safeguard Policy. However, the Project is designed to develop a harmonized management of shared
resources in the West Indian Ocean and OP 7.50 requirements for including “riparians” as all
countries in the Western Indian Ocean are included in the Project.
Tentative financing
Source:
BORROWER/RECIPIENT
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
LOCAL SOURCES OF BORROWING COUNTRY
Total
Contact point
Contact: William Leeds Lane
Title: Sr Environmental Spec.
Tel: (202) 473-7325
Fax:
Email: [email protected]
($m.)
5
12
10
10
37