Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Plate tectonics and associated hazards This is what you need to know for the plate tectonics and associated hazards module: STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH To understand why we need to know about the earths internal structure. To understand that the earth is differentiated into different layers. To be able to name and label on a diagram the different layers of the earth. To be able to describe the physical and chemical properties of the different layers of the earth. THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS To understand what is meant by the theory of plate tectonics. To be able to describe the characteristics of the 2 types of plates (oceanic and continental plates) involved in plate movements. To be aware that there are four different types of plate boundaries (destructive, constructive, conservative margins and collision). To be able to link the theory of plate tectonics to the world distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes. To be able to explain the idea of convection currents in the mantle and how this relates to the theory of plate tectonics. EVIDENCE FOR THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS To be able to describe the biological, geological and climatological evidence for the theory of continental drift as proposed by Alfred Wegener. To know and understand what palaeomagnetism is and how it supports the theory of plate tectonics. To be able to explain how the discovery and study of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the sea floor spreading provides support for the theory of plate tectonics. PLATE BOUNDARIES To be able to describe the differences between the different plate boundaries (destructive, constructive, conservative margins and collision margins). To be able to describe and explain the processes that occur at destructive plate boundaries and to explain how these processes lead to the formation of young fold mountains, deep sea trenches and island arcs at destructive plate boundaries. To be able to describe and explain the processes that occur at constructive plate boundaries and to explain how these processes lead to the formation of ocean ridges and rift valleys. To be able to describe and explain the processes that occur at a conservative plate margin. HOT SPOTS To understand what is meant by plumes of magma and how this idea is linked to the movement of plates. To be able to describe the link between plumes of magma and the formation of hot spot volcanoes. To be able to describe how the Hawaiian islands represent an example of hot spot volcanoes. VULCANICITY To be able to describe and explain the differences between volcanoes with regard to the type and nature of lava flow (Aa flow or Pahoehoe flow). To be able to describe and explain the characteristics of volcanoes formed at different plate margins (constructive margin, destructive margin or a hot spot volcano). To be able to describe and classify volcanoes based on the shape and composition (type of lava) of the volcano. To include; fissure, shield, acid dome, ash cinder, composite and caldera. To be able to describe and classify volcanic activity based on the frequency and violence of the eruption. To include; Icelandic eruptions, Hawaiian eruptions, Strombolian eruptions, Vulcanian eruptions, Vesuvian eruptions and Plinian eruptions. LANDFORMS OF EXTRUSIVE ACTIVITY To understand what is meant by extrusive landforms. To be able to describe and explain how major extrusive landforms are formed. To include different types of volcanoes such as Iceland, Yellowstone and New Zealand. To be able to describe and explain how minor extrusive landforms are formed. To include; geysers, fumaroles, hot springs and boiling mud. MEDC VOLCANIC ERUPTION CASE STUDY To be able to describe the causes of the eruption of Mount Etna in Italy To be able to describe and explain the impacts of this volcanic eruption. To know how the hazard was managed and responses to the event. LEDC VOLCANIC ERUPTION CASE STUDY To be able to describe the causes of the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. To be able to describe and explain the impacts of this volcanic eruption. To know how the hazard was managed and responses to the event. COMPARISON OF MEDC AND LEDC VOLCANIC ERUPTION To be able to compare the causes, impacts and management of the case study MEDC and LEDC volcanic eruptions. SEISMICITY IN GENERAL To be able to describe what an earthquake is. To be able to explain how earthquakes are caused. To be able to describe and explain the characteristics of earthquakes. To be able to define the terms; focus, epicenter, and seismic waves. TSUNAMI To know the causes of a tsunami. To be able to describe the characteristics of tsunami. To understand the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. To be able to describe the management and responses to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. MEDC EARTHQUAKE CASE STUDY To be able to describe the causes of the Northridge earthquake in USA (1994) and the Great Hanshin earthquake in Kobe (1995). To be able to describe and explain the impacts of these earthquake events. To know how these earthquakes were managed and the responses to these events. LEDC EARTHQUAKE CASE STUDY To be able to describe the causes of the Haiti (2001) earthquake and Bam earthquake (2003 in Iran). To be able to describe and explain the impacts of these earthquake events. To know how these earthquakes were managed and the responses to these events. COMPARISON OF MEDC AND LEDC EARTHQUAKE EVENT To be able to compare the causes, impacts and management of the case study MEDC and LEDC earthquake events.