Download Chapter 16 Outline (Weather) fill in PART 1

Chapter 16 Outline: Weather
PART 1
I.
Heating the Earth
a. Meteorology: the _____________________
i. Prediction of weather has become more accurate over the years
1.
b. Weather is caused by_______________________________________ in
Earth’s atmosphere
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
c. Heat Energy and the Atmosphere
i. Radiant Energy
1. heat from _____________
2.
3. see Fig 16-2 pg. 487 (brown text book)
ii. SUN’S ENERGY is spread throughout the atmosphere three ways:
1. Conduction
a. Ground is warmed by ___________________________
_____________________________________________
b. Plays a ____________________ in heating Earth’s
land, ocean, atmosphere
2. Convection
a. Transfer of ___________________________________
_____________________________________________
b. Air heats up__________________________________
____________________________________________
c. Cycle creates convection currents
i. Caused by an___________________________ of
Earth’s atmosphere
ii. ______________________________________of
heat transfer
3. Radiation
a. Transfer of heat by________________________
i. Ex. _________________________________
Page 488 Figure 16-3
d. Green house effect
i. Infrared rays ___________________ off Earth’s surface and
___________________________ by Carbon dioxide, water vapor,
and other gases creating a “____________________” over Earth.
ii. Increase in ______________________________ a possible cause of
Global warming
iii. Page 489 Figure 16-4
e. Variation in Temps & Measuring Temps
i. Variation in Temps on Earth are caused by ____________________
and direct/indirect rays on Earth’s surface.
1. Equator is ______________________ year round (direct rays)
2. The North and South poles are the ________________
(indirect rays)
3. Page 491 Figure 16-7
ii. Thermometers
1. Measure temperature by a liquid’s ability to
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
a. Most use alcohol
b. Older thermometers may contain Mercury
2. Units of measure are in degrees
a. Celsius
i. Freezing point of water = _________
ii. Boiling point of water = __________
iii. “Normal” body temp = ___________
b. Fahrenheit
i. Freezing point of water = _________
ii. Boiling point of water = __________
iii. “Normal” body temp = ___________
3. Calculation conversions
a. C = 5/9 x (F-32)
b. F = (C x 9/5) + 32
c. Google: “calculate Celsius to Fahrenheit”
II.
Air Pressure
a. Air pressure depends on the density of the air.
i. More dense = ________________________________
b. Factors affecting pressure
i. Temperature (higher temps =________________________________
ii. Water vapor (higher water vapor = ___________________________
iii. Elevation (higher elevation = _______________________________
c. Measuring Air Pressure
i. Barometer (tool used to measure pressure)
1. Mercury (less common)
2. Aneroid “without liquid” (more current tool)
d. Weather related air pressure (generally speaking)
i. Air pressure rises as __________________________of air come
together in upper atmosphere ______________________________
on lower air layers.
1. High pressure systems signs:
a. _______________________________________
b. _______________________________________
ii. Air pressure _______________ as large masses of air move
__________ from each other allowing warm air below it to rise.
1. Low pressure systems ________________________
a. If warm air is _____________________________
_______________________________________
b. _________________________ temperatures
III.
Winds
~__________________________________________ winds caused by
_______________________________________ by _______________________
__________________________________________of the earth!
a. Local winds (named for direction they are blowing from ie. Northwest
wind is coming from the northwest) Page 497 Figure 16-14
i. Sea Breeze: (sea to land)
1. Day: __________ winds over _________ move to_______ as
land air gets ______________________________________
ii. Land Breeze: (land to sea)
1. Night: ________ air _________ and moves toward ________
as air over seas is ___________________________________
iii. Monsoon:
1. Major seasonal wind common in Asia
a. Land to __________
b. Ocean to ________
i. ____________________________
ii. Very _________________________________
with warm temps
b. Global winds (fig. 16-16 pg. 499)
i. Cause: _____________________________________ of the earth
and ___________________ of the earth
ii. Coriolis Effect:
1. ___________ hemisphere winds curve to ________________
2. ___________ hemisphere winds curve to ________________
iii. Doldrums:
1. a ____________________________ around the equator
a.
b.
c. low pressure area
iv. Prevailing Westerlies, Trade winds, and Polar Easterlies:
1. 30 degrees north and south of _____________ (horse latitude)
a. Cooler air ___________________ from this latitude
b. The cooler air moving _______________________ __
are the trade winds.
c. The cooler air moving
_________________________________________ are
the westerlies
2. 60 degrees north and south of equator
a. Cold air moving ________________________ from
poles meet prevailing westerlies.
b. Combination __________________________________
air from east to west creating weather in US.
v. Jet Streams
1. Narrow belt of strong, high speed, high pressure air.
2. Flow from ___________________________
3. Not in _____________________________________ lines
(wander up and down)
4. Streaming winds can produce _________________________
areas (storms)
vi. Anemometer:
1. measures _________________________________________
(meters/second or miles/hour)
2. Page 502 Figure 16-20