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Download Elements of Music - La Salle University
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ALL MUSIC HAS VALUE TO SOMEBODY What is Music? What is Music? • The Organization of Sound in Time What is Music? • The Organization of Sound in Time • Sound • Time • Organization Hearing vs Listening • Passive listening (hearing) - being mildly aware of sound • Active listening - concentrating on sounds. Properties of Objects • Size • Shape • Color • Texture Elements of Music •Pitch •Duration •Dynamics •Timbre Pitch • High or low sounds (notes) Pitch • High or low sounds (notes) • Melody - the “tune”. A series of pitches heard one at a time. • Motive - a short, instantly recognizable idea. Like a musical "word". Usually, a melody consists of several motives. Pitch • Harmony: Two or more sounds heard at the same time. Chords. • Consonant - stable sound • Dissonant - unstable sound Pitch • Interval - The distance between two pitches. • Conjunct - step (small interval) • Disjunct - leap (large interval) Pitch • Vibrato - a rapid, slight variation of pitch. • Produces a stronger, richer tone. • Done by voices and instruments (many, but not all). Pitch • Phrase - Part of a melody - when singing, as much as you sing in one breath Pitch • Shape - the contour of a melody mapping out the highs and lows. Pitch • Cadence - Resting place. Complete (final / permanent) or incomplete (temporary or a mid-way pause). • A phrase will often end with a cadence. “The Ball” • Watching an unfamiliar sporting event • It is difficult to try to absorb all the rules and protocols immediately • My advice, “Watch the ball”. The ball is the object of primary importance. • Watch the ball to try to follow gameplay. • In music, the melody is “the Ball”. Pitch = Frequency • Frequency is measured in Hertz, or cycles per second. • The sound wave vibrates a number of times per second, and it in turn produces a specific pitch or note. • A=440 is a standard tuning pitch for instruments. 440 cycles per second is the pitch A. Frequency • 440 Hertz is a tuning A. • Human hearing commonly extends from 20 Hertz to 20,000 Hertz (or 20 KiloHertz KHz). Duration • The element of time. Duration • Beat - the steady pulse that flows through a piece of music. • Fast or slow • May be easy to hear (or feel), or it may not be. • Nonmetric - If the beat is not evident. Duration • Meter - how the beats are grouped. • Most often in either in 2, 3 or 4 (most common) • Usually first beat is accented. • Occasionally, meter is in another grouping. Duration • Tempo - the speed of the beats. • Fast or slow. • Remember, the beat usually remains steady Duration • Rhythm - a pattern of beats and accents, shorts and longs. • Often the rhythm is a pattern that repeats. Duration • Syncopation - when the emphasis falls on a beat that is normally not accented. • An exception in “classical” music, but a feature of “popular” music. Dynamics • Volume. Loud or soft • The relative loudness or softness. • Relative - loud to a flute is not the same as loud to a trumpet! Dynamics • • • • p = piano - soft f = forte - strong (or loud) Mezzo- = medium or half -issimo = very Dynamics • • • • • • pp = pianissimo p = piano mp = mezzo-piano mf = mezzo-forte f = forte ff = fortissimo Dynamics • pp - p - mp - - mf - f - ff • -3 -2 -1 (0) 1 2 3 Dynamics • Crescendo - gradual increase in volume • Decrescendo - gradual decrease in volume • Subito - sudden change in volume Timbre • A description of the actual sounds you are hearing. Timbre • Timbre can be a list of the instruments or voices that you hear. • Timbre can also refer to the variations in tone color of a specific instrument (a bright guitar or dark voice).
