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Sentence Structure Mrs. Meents Turlock Junior High School 2008-2009 Simple Sentences 1) A simple sentence is ___________________________. 2) An independent clause a) __________________________________________________ b) __________________________________________________ 3) The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing _______________________________. The subject is _________________ or _________________________. Underline each subject one time: a) John went for a walk. b) Towns are quiet after snowfalls. c) Eggs rolled off the counter. 4) Not every __________ in a sentence is the subject of the sentence. Cross out nouns that are not subjects. Page 1 of 14 5) A verb shows the action or state of being of the subject of the sentence. is am are was were 6) ____________________________ a) Sally sneezed. 7) ____________________________ a) John thinks. 8) ____________________________ a) Jesse is my friend. 9) A verb phrase is a _______________________ plus a ___________________________. a) did think b) could have been driving c) has gone Page 2 of 14 Verb-Subject Identification Procedure 10) Eliminate____________________________________. 11) Look for the action or state-of-being word to find the ______. 12) Ask yourself “who or what (verb)?” to find the ________. Cross out prepositional phrases, underline the verb twice. a) The top of the can came off. b) Kevin reported the theft. c) Paula is an astronaut. Example Set I SV—One subject/One verb 1) Jane went to the pool. 2) Paul is a very nice guy. 3) Cakes lined the store window. 4) I love chocolate ice cream. 5) Bikes are very expensive. Example Set II 1) The old gray mare limped down the lane. 2) The silver-winged plane soared. 3) Johnny’s baby sister cried for hours. 4) The first three girls giggled. 5) Fourteen good pilots died in the war. Page 3 of 14 Example Set III 1) The bus must have gone by now. 2) My best friend could not work tonight. 3) The light green grapes have been eaten. 4) The committee of environmentalists is working to solve the smog problem. 5) Steven’s aunt is not following her new diet. Example Set IV SSV-compound sub/one verb 1) Bill and Sue want to go to the movies. 2) Jason and his friends work together. 3) Are the car and truck parked outside? 4) The park and sidewalks are covered with snow. 5) Hiding and seeking are fun activities. Example Set V SVV—One subject/compound verb 1) Sally swam and played all afternoon. 2) The dogs had barked all night and slept all day. 3) Michelle came home yesterday and did not work all day today. 4) The basketball team rode on a bus and flew in a plane to attend the game. 5) The park is dark and spooky at night and can be delightful on sunny days. Page 4 of 14 Example Set VI SSVV—Compound sub/compound verb 1) The ponies and calves scampered and played in the field. 2) Kathy and her father do not like to play tennis and hate to jog. 3) The Army and the Navy had a football game and filled the stadium. 4) The two boys and their fathers were sick and did not attend the Father-Son Banquet. 5) Parties and dances are usually fun and can be thrilling. Simple Sentence Formulas 13) SV—one subject/one verb Joanie loves to sing. 14) SSV—compound subject/one verb Tom and Bernice are late. 15) SVV—one subject/compound verb Eddie tripped and fell. 16) SSVV—compound subject/ compound verb. Danny and Louise hurried and caught the bus. Page 5 of 14 Compound Sentences 1) A simple sentence is _____________________________. 2) A compound sentence has ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________. Highlight the independent clauses. a) The students finished class, and they went to lunch. b) Kevin didn’t want to hurt Kathy’s feelings, so he said nothing about her mistake. c) I want to see my sister soon, for she has been in Switzerland for two years. 3) Compound sentences are joined with a ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ a) The sun was shining, and the sky was clear. 4) Or with a _____________ a) Mike and Bernie went for a hike; the day was beautiful. Page 6 of 14 5) In a compound sentence not all the subjects are doing all the verbs. a) The men and women met at the station and went to dinner. (simple) b) The men met at the station, and the women went to dinner. (compound) c) The ducks and geese squawked and fluttered their wings. (simple) d) The ducks squawked, and the geese fluttered their wings. (compound) e) Harry and Joe ate ice cream and drank pop. (simple) f) Harry ate ice cream, and Joe drank pop. (compound) 6) Coordinating Conjunctions a) FANBOYS F____ A____ N____ B____ O____ Y____ S____ Page 7 of 14 7) Use coordinating conjunctions with a comma to join two independent clauses. a) Baseball is my favorite sport to watch, but football is my favorite sport to play. b) The children ran all the way to school, yet they were late anyway. c) You will have to finish the project, or your group will get a failing grade. d) Hanni was not at the game, nor was she at the party. e) We did not see Mike at the movie, nor did we see him at the restaurant. 8) Semicolons (;) can also be used to join the two independent clauses of a compound sentence. a) Susan loves to swim; her brother likes to dive. b) Jason was highly respected; he was always such a responsible person. c) The meeting was over; it was already midnight. 9) Formulas for Compound Sentences _____ Independent Clause, conjunction Independent Clause _____ Independent Clause; Independent Clause Page 8 of 14 10) “For” and “Nor” a) “For” = “because” in a compound sentence i) The football field was ruined, for the rain had flooded it. ii) Johnny is going to fail language arts,for_________________ ________________________________________________ iii) Mrs. Meents is very happy,for ________________________ __________________________________________________ b) “Nor” is a negative word followed by the helping verb from the first clause: i) Rich did not do his class work, nor did he finish his homework. ii) Rich isn’t very smart, nor ____________________________ __________________________________________________ iii) Rich won’t pass language arts, nor ____________________ __________________________________________________ iv) Rich can’t go to the movies, nor ________________ __________________________________________________ v) Rich wasn’t at school, nor _____________________ __________________________________________________ 11) Combine two ______________________ to form a compound sentence. a) Stacy needed a new dress. b) She went shopping. __________________________________________________ Page 9 of 14 c) Jose studied for the test. d) He got an A. ____________________________________________ e) Tina wanted a puppy. f) Her parents said no. ____________________________________________ g) The pool opens this weekend. h) We should go. ____________________________________________ i) We should go to McDonald’s. j) They have cheap food. ____________________________________________ k) Celeste doesn’t like math. l) She doesn’t like history. __________________________________________ m) We could play video games. n) We could listen to music __________________________________________ Page 10 of 14 Complex Sentences 1) A complex sentence has one ____________ clause and one or more ______ clauses. 2) A dependent clause is a group of words with a _________ and __________ that cannot _____________. a) My brother hit me. ____________________________________ b) I love pizza. ____________________________________ c) I like Sally ____________________________________________ d) Kathy will be late for dinner ____________________________________________ e) The game will end ____________________________________________ 3) Subordinating Conjunctions: Sneaky little words that ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Page 11 of 14 Some words that can be used as subordinating conjunctions are: after although as as if as long as as soon as as though because before even if even though if in order that just as like once provided rather than since so that than though unless until when whenever while How to build a complex sentence (watch demonstration) Highlight the Clauses (Independent = Green; Dependent = Pink) 4) Dependent Clause First a) Comma _____________ i) When I get to Phoenix, you’ll be sleeping. ii) After the players practiced, they went out for a pizza. iii) Until the storm is over, we will not know about the damage. 5) Independent Clause First a) Comma _______________ i) You will be sleeping when I get to Phoenix. ii) The players went out for a pizza after they practiced. iii) We will not know about the damage until the storm is over. Page 12 of 14 6) Examples: Highlight the clauses and show the formula. 7) The sky looks as though we might get some snow. _________ 8) Whenever the birds fly south, winter is on the way. _________ 9) Where there is smoke, there is fire. __________ 10) If Don is ready on time, he can go to the game with us. ___________ 11) Will you wait for me while I speak to Mrs. Meents? ___________ 12) That car is perfect for me because I can afford its upkeep. ___________ Page 13 of 14 “Not a Verb” List Many students identify the following as verbs; they are not. 1. The word __________ is not a verb. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. An __________ word must have a helping verb in front of it to be a verb. _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 3. A word with __________in front of it is not the verb of the sentence; it’s an infinitive. ________________________________________________________ 4. When there is a __________, the verb phrase is split. The __________ is not part of the verb phrase. _____________________________________________________________ 5. A word ending in___________is not a verb. “Ly” words are __________. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Page 14 of 14