Download 2.02 Infection Control Key Terms Name Handout Date Key Terms

2.02 Infection Control Key Terms
Handout
Name _______________
Date ________________
Key Terms
Aerobic
Definitions
requires oxygen to live
Anaerobic
does not require oxygen to live
Antiseptic hand wash
Alcohol-based hand rub
washing hands with water and soap or other detergents
containing an antiseptic agent
rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing preparation
Asepsis
free of pathogens
Endogenous
originates from within the body
Exogenous
originates outside the body
Hand hygiene
Hand washing
performing hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, alcohol-based
hand rub
washing hands with plain soap and water
Infection
invasion of the body by microorganisms
Local infection
only a specific portion of the body is infected
Non-Pathogenic
normal, do not produce disease, beneficial
Nosocomial Infections
hospital acquired infection
Opportunistic infection
Infections that occur when the body’s defenses are weakened
Pathogenic
cause infection and disease
Resistant
Sterile
remain firm against the action of another force, such as a bacteria
against an antibiotic
free of all organisms
Susceptible
able to be affected; person likely to get sick
Systemic infection
affects the entire body
2.02 Types of Infection
Handout
Name _______________
Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about local versus systemic infections.
Local versus Systemic Infections:
Types of Infection
Endogenous-
Exogenous-
Nosocomial infections-
Opportunistic infections-
Examples
2.02 Classes of Microorganisms
Handout
Name _______________
Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about classes of microorganisms.
Microorganisms
Non-pathogenic: do not produce disease
Normal, beneficial
Pathogenic: cause infection and disease
May be non-pathogenic in one body system,
pathogenic in another (E. coli)
Aerobic
requires oxygen to live
Anaerobic
does not require oxygen to live
Gram-positive:
Generally respond to treatment
Gram-negative:
Endotoxic
Pyogenic
Difficult to treat
Class
Characteristics
Bacteria
cocci – round in shape
bacilli – rod shape
spirilla – spiral or corkscrew shape
Protozoa
one celled, animal-like organism
contain a nucleus and other defined
organelles
Fungi
organisms that usually enjoy a
symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic
relationship with their host
Rickettsiae
rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria
transmitted to humans through bites
Viruses
small, infectious agent
requires a host for survival
produce immune response in
humans
treated with antiviral drugs
parasitic worm-like organisms
Excrete toxins making host
susceptible to other diseases
Helminths
Examples
(answers will vary)
2.02 Chain of Infection Activity
Handout
Name _______________
Date ________________
Susceptible Host
Portal of Entry
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Exit
Reservoir
Causative Agent
Directions: Cut out labeled strips. Make notes on the appropriate strip while viewing the
PowerPoint presentation related to the chain of infection.
2.02 Infection Control Precautions
Handout
Name _______________
Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about infection control precautions.
Standard Precautions
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Used on All Patients
Prevention of injuries when using needles,
scalpels, and other sharp instruments or
devices; when handling sharp instruments
after procedures; when cleaning used
instruments; and when disposing of used
needles.
Use of PPE when there is the risk of contact
with any blood or body fluid, secretion,
excretion, mucous membrane, non-intact
skin, or tissue specimen.
Never re-cap used needles
Correct use of sharps containers
Use resuscitation devices
Tuberculosis Standard
OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally
transmitted/acquired TB
Requires FIT tested and training in use of
specific respiratory PPE
PPD skin testing annually
To reduce occupationally transmitted
hepatitis B
Extended Infection Control Precautions
Standard Precautions PLUS
Airborne Precautions or
Contact Precautions or
Droplet Precautions
2.02 Extended Infection Control Precautions
Handout
Name _______________
Date ________________
Directions: Record notes and class discussion about extended infection control precautions.
EXTENDED PRECAUTIONS
= STANDARD PRECAUTIONS PLUS…
AIRBORNE
DROPLET
CONTACT
PRECAUTIONS
PRECAUTIONS
PRECAUTIONS
FACTS THAT ARE UNIQUE TO EACH TYPE OF PRECAUTION
Patient’s room door must
be closed.
Most infection occurs
within three (3) feet of the
patient.
Anything that comes in
contact or indirect contact
of the patient is
contaminated.
Pathogens remain
suspended in the air on
dust particles.
Droplets are heavy and
usually fall to the floor
within the three feet range.
Needed for diseases that
can be easily transmitted by
direct or indirect contact.
High Efficiency Particulate
(HEPA) respirators required
for health care workers.
Droplets come from
coughing, sneezing, talking,
or laughing.
Diapered or incontinent
patients with intestinal
infections
Health Care Workers
(HCWs) must be fit tested
for HEPA respirators
HCW must wear Mask /
face shield if within 3 feet of
patient.
Wear gown if soiling is
likely.
Helps prevents the spread
of: rubella (measles),
varicella (chicken pox),
tuberculosis, (TB)
shingles (herpes zoster)
Helps prevent the spread
of:
Some bacterial and viral
Influenza(s), meningitis(es)
pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis
media, diphtheria,
pertussis, adenovirus,
mumps
Helps prevent the spread of
gastrointestinal, respiratory,
skin, or wound infections.
Negative Pressure Room
with frequent air exchanges
required.
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Private room a must.
FACTS THAT ALL PRECAUTIONS HAVE IN COMMON:
Limit use of non-critical care equipment to a single patient / resident.
Wash hands after care.
Bag linen to prevent contamination of self, environment, or outside of bag.
Discard infectious trash to prevent contamination of self, environment, or outside of
bag by double bagging.
Limit transport of patient / resident to essential purposes only. Patient / resident must
wear mask appropriate for disease.
2.02 Standard Precautions
Name _______________
Handout
Date ________________
Directions: Use notes and textbook answer the following questions regarding standard precautions.
1. “Who” developed SP?
2. “When” does SP apply?
3. “What situations necessitate the need for SP?
4. “What” supplies are needed for SP?
5. “Where” should SP supplies be located before and after use?
6. “What” should be done to prevent needle sticks?
7. “When” should hands be washed?
8. “When” are gloves worn?
9. “When” should mask and eye protection be worn?
10. “When” should gowns be worn?
11. “What” is the proper way to handle patient care equipment?
12. “What” is the proper way to handle linen?
13. “What” resuscitation devices should be used?
14. “Where” the patient should be placed?
15. “What” are the results of failing to abide by SP?
16. “What” is my employers responsibility?
17. “What” is my responsibility in SP?
18. “What” must be removed before putting on gloves?
1. Patient care equipment should be left in the room and used only for this patient. If this is not
possible, all equipment must be cleaned and disinfected before using on another patient.
2. Rings – to avoid puncturing the gloves.
3. Before and after contact with any patient; after contamination with any blood, body fluid,
secretion, or excretion; and immediately before donning and immediately after removing
gloves.
4. The patient must be placed in a private room.
5. Soiled linen should be placed in laundry bags to prevent contamination. Linen soiled
with blood, body fluids, or excretions is placed in a special bag for contaminated linen
and is usually soaked in a disinfectant prior to being laundered.
6. To follow all rules and regulations; to report any exposure immediately to supervisor; to
complete necessary incident report.
7. Any situation where health care provider may contact: Blood or any fluid that may
contain blood; Body fluids, secretions, or excretions – mucus, sputum, saliva, vomit,
semen, or vaginal secretions, mucous membranes, non-intact skin, or tissue/cell
specimens.
8. Mouthpieces should be used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
9. The agency must have a policy stating actions that must be taken immediately when
exposure to infectious materials or injury occurs, reporting any incident, documenting
any exposure incident, recording the care given, noting follow-up to the exposure
incident, and identifying ways to prevent similar incidents.
10. Chain of infection continues; failure to protect yourself, the patient, and other health care
workers.
11. CDC
12. Before use, SP supplies should be stored in a clean area. After use, care must be taken
to avoid contamination of clean supplies. Items should be placed in a “dirty” area.
13. Whenever contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membranes,
tissue specimens, or non-intact skin is possible; when handling or cleaning
contaminated surfaces or items; and when performing any invasive procedure.
14. Gloves, gowns, and masks/eye protections
15. During any procedures that are likely to cause splashing or spraying of blood, body
fluids, secretions, or excretions that may contaminate clothing or uniform.
16. During procedures that may produce splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids,
secretions, or excretions.
17. When possible, safe needles or needleless devices should be used. Disposable needles
must never be bent or broken after use. Never re-cap needles. Place used needles in the
sharps container.
18. At all times to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.