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Name________________________________Date__________Period__________ Multiple Choice: Circle the best answer 3 points each 1. During the end of Interphase, before the cell enters Mitosis, the DNA: A. Duplicates B. Disappears C. Leaves the nucleus D. Divides in half 2. During Anaphase, the chromosomes: A. Duplicate C. Are pulled to opposite ends of cell B. Disappear D. Line up in the middle of the cell 3. The main purpose of Mitosis is to: A. Create sex cells C. Create a new organism B. Replicate the original cell D. Sexually reproduce 4. An example of sexual reproduction is: A. Strawberries C. Wisconsin Fast Plants B. Tulips D. All of the above 5. Chromosomes are located in: A. The cytoplasm C. The centromere B. The nucleus D. The cell wall 6. A gene is: A. a visible trait C. a recessive trait B. a portion of DNA D. the entire chromosome 7. A red flower is crossed with a white flower, resulting in a flower that in only pink flowers. This is an example of: A. Dominant and recessive genes B. Chromosomes crossing C. Incomplete Dominance D. Cloning 8. Meiosis only takes place in: A. Skin cells C. Reproductive cells B. Cells recovering from an injury D. Cell walls Fill in the blanks: 3 points each 9. _Gregor Mendel__ studied pea plants and made key genetic discoveries. 10. Reginald Punnett developed the Punnett Square which shows the probability of offspring having a certain trait. 11. A human cell contains 46 chromosomes. After Meiosis, each daughter cell each has _23__chromosomes. For questions 9-11, assume that tall (T) is dominant to short (t) for pea plant height. 3 points each 12. A short pea plant MUST have the genotype__tt____________. 13. If a pea plant is homozygous tall, what is the genotype?_______Tt_____________ 14. The heterozygous pea plant has the phenotype of ____tall______________. Short Answer- Answer the following in complete sentences. 15. List the steps of Mitosis starting with Interphase. (you can bullet this answer) 1 point each Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis 16. Describe 2 things that take place during Interphase. 4 points Cell rests Chromosomes not visible DNA duplicates Cell growth 17. What is the difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells? 4 points Plant cell- divides from the middle outward Animal cell- Pinches off 18. Describe the difference between genotype and phenotype. 4 points Genotype is the internal code and phenotype is the physical characteristics. 19. List three pros OR cons describing the implications of cloning. 3 points Word Problems- Explain each result with a complete sentence. Include the percent of the offspring that will show the trait and show all work. 4 points show work 3 points answer 20 Orange skin color is dominant to yellow skin color in Oompa Loompa land. If an Oompa Loompa with heterozygous genes for skin color were crossed with an Oompa Loompa with yellow skin, what are the chances that their offspring will have orange skin? 50% chance that offspring will be orange. 21 Red eyes are dominant to yellow eyes in fruit flies. If two heterozygous fruit flies are crossed, what percentage of their offspring will have yellow eyes? 25% of the offspring will have yellow eyes. 22. Tall pea plants are dominant to short pea plants. If a tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, show how it is possible to create an offspring that is short. Both parents have to have a recessive gene. One parent must be heterozygous for tall (Tt) 23. Below are sex cells that will combine to make an offspring. Match the single chromosomes and list the traits that the offspring will have according to the chart. Trait Height Eyes Whiskers Legs Teeth Fur Parent 1 Dominant form T= Tall B=brown W= long L= 4 legs H= teeth F= long fur T b W L h f t b w L H f Offspring Trait Height : Genotype Phenotype Tall Tt Eyes blue bb Whiskers whiskers Ww Legs 4 legs LL Teeth Teeth hH Fur Short fur ff 24. Sketch the offspring below. Label each trait! Recessive form t= short b=blue w=short l=4 legs h= no teeth f= short fur Parent 2