Download Marshall Plan (1948

Vs.
The United States
The Soviet Union
Post World War II Plans
• Yalta
Meeting (Feb. 1945):
• European nations to be democratic,
United Nations created
Post World War II Plans
• Potsdam
conference (July 1945):
• Germany divided into 4 zones
(USA, S.U., G.B., France)
Iron Curtain
• Stalin wanted
barrier around
S.U.
• Eastern European
nations
communist,
controlled
by Soviets
“Satellite states”
“From Stettin in the North to Trieste in
the south, an iron curtain has
descended over Europe.”
Winston Churchill to Americans in Speech
Containment Policy
U.S. foreign policy that sought to
prevent the spread of Soviet
communism
George Kennan –
creator of the
Containment policy
Truman supported with
Truman Doctrine!
Truman Doctrine (1947)
• Response to communist takeover attempt
in Greece
• Truman gives economic aid to countries fighting
communism
• $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey
Controversial example of containment
Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
• Europe needed to be rebuilt
after WWII
London, England
Dresden, Germany
Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
• Sec. of State George Marshall--give friendly aid
• economic recovery was necessary for world peace
West German
advertisement
The free train
of the Marshall
Plan
Marshall
Plan
$12.5
billion
Marshall Plan (1948-1951)
• S.U. and Eastern countries refuse aid
Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
• Berlin also divided into 4 zones
• Soviet zone weak, others prospered and cooperated
Marshall Plan and West Berlin
Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
• East Berliners could see difference and left
• Stalin blockaded West Berlin to stop this
Soviets closed Berlin’s railway lines, canals, roads. W. Berlin had 36 days of supplies.
Berlin Airlift (1948-1949)
• Allies airlift supplies until blockade ended
Lasted 11
months!
“Operation
Vittles”
Every ten minutes a plane took off with supplies for West Berlin.
327 days
277,000 flights
2.5 million tons of supplies
NATO (1949) and Warsaw Pact
• defensive military alliance created
• called North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Warsaw Pact created in response (S.U.and E. Europe)
Nuclear Arms Race
• 1949--Soviet Union achieves A-bomb
“Joe -1” Russian A-bomb
Russian Scientist
Kurchatov
Nuclear Arms Race
• U.S. quadruples defense spending
• 1952--U.S. invents Hydrogen "super" bomb
H-Bomb
Test
Fireball 3 miles
18 mths. later
Soviets have it
New Leaders
1952 Eisenhower elected
1953 Stalin dies; Nikita Kruschev takes
over
Nuclear deterrence begins (don’t want
WWIII)
Eisenhower
Kruschev
Metacognition Statement:
I know that I know something about Cold War events.
First,
In addition,
Finally,
Now you know something that I know about Cold War events.