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Cold War in Europe
Bell Ringer
1. Who were the two main countries
fighting in the Cold War?
2. Explain what the Iron Curtain was.
Questions to think about
 How did the United States begin
to send aid to nations fighting
communism?
 What led to the Berlin blockade?
The Cold War
 The conflicting aims of the United
States and the Soviet Union led to the
Cold War.
 This was a state of hostility between
these superpowers, but one without
military action.
 Each tried to spread its political and
economic influence worldwide.
 This would last until the breakup of
the Soviet Union in 1991
Truman Doctrine
 Truman’s first test of
containment of Soviet influence
was when Greece and Turkey
needed economic and military
aid in 1947.
 In the Truman Doctrine, the
president argued that aid
should be sent to any nation
trying to stop Communists
from taking over.
 Congress agreed and $400
million in aid was sent to
Turkey and Greece between
1947 and 1950
Examining Primary Sources
 Read and annotate the excerpt from
the Truman Doctrine of 1947.
 Complete the questions.
 Be prepared to discuss.
Marshall Plan
 Western Europe was also in terrible economic
shape.
 Factories and fields had been destroyed.
 A terrible winter in 1946–1947 increased
hardship.
 Millions of people were living in refugee
camps while European governments tried to
figure out where to resettle them.
 Secretary of State George Marshall wanted to
send aid to nations that cooperated with
American economic goals.
Marshall Plan
 Then Soviet troops took over Czechoslovakia in
1949. Congress saw the need for strong, stable
governments to resist communism.
 It approved the Marshall Plan. The plan was a
great success in rebuilding Western Europe and
halting the spread of communism.
 Between 1947-1952…16 countries received
some $13 billion in aid.
 Western Europe was flourishing and the
Communist party lost its appeal to voters.
Political Cartoon Analysis
 With a new partner complete the first
three political cartoon analysis.
 You will decide:
 Is the source FOR, AGAINST or
UNBIASED about the Marshall Plan
 What point is the cartoonist trying to
make about the Marshall Plan?
 What features of the cartoon creates this
impression.
“It’s the same without
mechanical problems”
Compare Notes
 Pair up with another group and
compare notes and discuss what you
found.
Superpowers Struggle over
Germany
 At the end of WWII, Germany
was divided into four zones.
 U.S., Great Britain, France in
the west
 Soviet Union in the east.
 In 1948 the west wanted to
combine their zones into one
nation.
Superpowers Struggle over
Germany
 Berlin the capital of Germany was divided into
west and east Berlin.
 There was no written agreement with the
Soviets that allowed free access by road or rail
to the Western Powers.
 In June 1948, Stalin closed all highway and rail
route into West Berlin.
 Resulting in no food or fuel to
reach that part of the city.
 2.1 million residents only
had enough food for 5 weeks
Berlin Airlift
 While watching this video take
notes about what the Berlin
Airlift was and its importance.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO)
 The blockade made the West worry about
Soviet aggression.
 The United States and Canada joined with
ten European nations in a defensive
military alliance called the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO).
 Members agreed that an attack on one was
an attack on all
American Isolationism?
 United States had entered into a
military alliance with other nations
during peacetime.
 The Cold War had ended any hope of
a return to U.S. isolationism.
This cartoon depicts
the nations that
signed the North
Atlantic Pact,
which created NATO
in 1949. The
nations, shown as
hats, are arranged
in a pyramid to
show the bigger
countries on the
bottom supporting
the smaller, weaker
nations on top.
Assessment
 Complete the four questions focusing
on the main ideas of this chapter.