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Chapters 15 & 16 – Air, Weather, & Climate; Air Pollution Unit 6: Atmosphere AP Environmental Science Mrs. Pickart Overview: The atmosphere is responsible for protecting life on Earth and shielding us from excess amounts of the sun’s radiation while also absorbing thermal energy emanating from the Earth, thereby keeping the Earth warm. The unique balance of gases in the atmosphere allows life to exist on earth and is what distinguishes this planet from the others. Studying the atmosphere allows us to understand and predict weather and climate patterns. Climate is the long term weather pattern for a particular region and is influenced by natural factors as well human factors. Climate change has occurred throughout geologic history but it appears that there has been a discernible anthropogenic influence over the past 150 years. We will explore the history of climate change and sort through the facts in order to gain a better understanding of this controversial topic. More people die each year from air pollution related illnesses than any other cause and air quality is often one of the most overlooked factors with respect to environmental health. The majority of the air pollution problems we experience today come from the production and combustion of fossil fuels as well as from the chemicals we use on a daily basis. Air pollution is not just a localized problem but has now become a global issue. Both indoor and outdoor air quality play a significant role in the health and well-being of the entire planet. Objectives: Students should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the general composition and structure of the atmosphere. 2. Explain why weather events follow general patterns. 3. Outline some factors in natural climate variability. 4. Explain how we know recent climate change is human-caused. 5. List some effects of climate change. 6. Identify some solutions being developed to slow climate change. 7. Identify natural sources of air pollution. 8. Discuss anthropogenic (human-caused) air pollution. 9. Define and provide examples of primary and secondary air pollutants. 10. Explain how climate topography and atmospheric processes affect air quality. 11. Compare the effects of air pollution. 12. Evaluate air pollution control. Key Terms Chapter 15 wedge analysis jet streams weather monsoons climate cold front aerosols warm front troposphere hurricanes convection currents tornadoes stratosphere Milankovitch cycles ozone El Nino albedo La Nina positive feedback loop* ENSO greenhouse effect IPCC greenhouse gases global climate change latent heat Kyoto Protocol Coriolis effect carbon neutral Chapter 16 ambient air criteria pollutants primary pollutants secondary pollutants fugitive emissions sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides nitric oxide nitrogen dioxide nitrous oxide carbon monoxide ozone photochemical oxidants volatile organic compounds industrial smog electrostatic precipitator vacuum baghouse sick building syndrome particulate matter aerosols hazardous air pollutants Toxic Release Inventory aesthetic degradation temperature inversions stratospheric ozone chlorofluorocarbons Montreal Protocol bronchitis chronic obstructive lung disease synergistic effects acid precipitation Clean Air Act photochemical smog wet scrubber tropospheric ozone (groundlevel) NAAQS anthropogenic Classwork/Homework: Pre-Quiz on Climate Change (Padlet link: https://padlet.com/pickartg/inesks3u6d8) Atmosphere Basics (Padlet) GHE and Carbon Cycle (Padlet) Criteria Pollutants Data Table Complete online HW questions (McGraw Hill) Current events – choose articles that pertain to the themes of the chapters Questions for Review (see below) Materials: Power point notes (download from KP Fusion Page under Staff Profiles) McGraw Hill online resources Bozeman Science video clip (Padlet) HHMI Video Lecture Series on Climate (Padlet) Activities: Albedo CO2 Measurement in Car Exhaust Ocean Acidification Air Pollutant Vocabulary Mix-Up Air Pollutant Criteria – AQI and NAAQS Particulate Collection Activity Labs: Urban Tree Sequestration Air Quality Index Assessments: o Reading Questions/Quizzes (HW) o Vocab Quizzes for key terms (Assessment) o 2 FRQs (HW) o Unit Test Ch. 15 & 16 (Assessment) Suggested Videos: An Inconvenient Truth Before the Flood Questions for Review Chapter 15: 1. What are the first two layers (starting on Earth’s surface) of the atmosphere? How does burning fossil fuels affect each of these layers? 2. What property of water allows it to moderate different conditions on land? 3. What action is the most important contributing factor to global climate change? Using current technologies, what is an affordable plan to reverse the trend? 4. How does global climate change affect natural ecosystems? 5. Why is global climate change controversial? Questions for Review Chapter 16: 1. What are secondary pollutants and how are they formed from chemical reactions with primary pollutants? 2. What are natural sources of air quality degradation? What are anthropogenic sources of air pollution? 3. What is the difference between stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone? 4. Why is indoor air pollution more dangerous than outdoor air pollution? What is an example of one such pollutant in your house and what could you do to eliminate this pollutant from your indoor air?