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11 Ge bi (Rös) Athens 8th century BC: members of nobility gain more and more power (esp. due to distinctive competitiveness) and wealth (crops of wine and olive oil) called themselves “eupatrids” (people with good ancestors) power of the basileus slowly faded; nobles change his responsibilities into yearly offices => nobles filling these offices: archons (Gr.: leader); Athenian government imperceptibly becomes an oligarchy underneath basileus: council of nobles (Areopagus; from the name of the hill where they met) consisted of a varying number of members; elected nine archons to run the state the archons, however, had to submit to the approval or veto of the Areopagus 7th century BC: culmination of conflicts; division of the Athenian community wealthy Athenians VS poorer farmers nobility: striving for more land & winning dependent workers to till the land => exerting pressure on poorer farmers poorer farmers: threat of (debt) slavery mighty nobles try to establish tyrannies situation is a powder-keg waiting to go off 621/20 BC: Dracon = first Athenian legislator; set out in writing rules for the Athenian community (before: so-called “Herrschaftswissen”, i.e. laws only passed down orally) => esp. laws needed to settle conflicts however: increase in conflicts 594 BC: => influential Athenian circles agree on improving legislation and compiling binding laws for everyone => authorise Solon who is appointed “reconciler” (Gr.: diallaktes) => Solon paves the way for drastic measures