Download 1 - Warren County Schools

1. Muhammad ibn Qasim- Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the
region and the Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad Empire
2. Muhammad of Ghur- Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small
mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim
political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley; Sind, and
northwestern India under his control
3. al-Ghazali- Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Quranic
traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama.
4. Saladin- Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most
of the crusaders outposts for Islam.
5. al-Rashid, Harun- Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and
costly living; dependent on Persian advisor early in reign; death led to civil wars
over succession
6. Qutb-ud-din Aibak- Lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in
India with capital at Delphi; proclaimed himself Sultan of India
7. Mahmud of Ghazni- Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led
invasion of northern India; credited with sacking one of the wealthiest of Hindu
temples in Northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and
aggression
8. Mira Bai- Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of
bhaktic cults to women.
9. Al-Mahdi- Third Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates
among Shia to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession.
10. Ibn Khaldun- A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic
conquerors had a cycle of three generations strong, weak, dissolute.
11. Hulegu- Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for
capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257