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Transcript
1. Muhammad ibn Qasim- Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad Empire 2. Muhammad of Ghur- Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley; Sind, and northwestern India under his control 3. al-Ghazali- Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Quranic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama. 4. Saladin- Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusaders outposts for Islam. 5. al-Rashid, Harun- Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisor early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession 6. Qutb-ud-din Aibak- Lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in India with capital at Delphi; proclaimed himself Sultan of India 7. Mahmud of Ghazni- Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasion of northern India; credited with sacking one of the wealthiest of Hindu temples in Northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression 8. Mira Bai- Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women. 9. Al-Mahdi- Third Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shia to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession. 10. Ibn Khaldun- A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations strong, weak, dissolute. 11. Hulegu- Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257