Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cell theory wikipedia , lookup
Human embryogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Regeneration in humans wikipedia , lookup
State switching wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Acquired characteristic wikipedia , lookup
Homeostasis wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic resistance to malaria wikipedia , lookup
Name: ______________________________ Living Environment – Midterm Review Sheet (2nd Quarter Cumulative Exam) 2nd Marking Period SAVE this review sheet for the rest of the year! PLEASE READ: Complete this ENTIRE packet to receive 20 points. You will NOT receive any credit if this packet has anything blank. This review packet will only summarize the key ideas of the topics covered during the 2nd marking period. In addition to this review packet, study your 1st QUARTER CUMULATIVE EXAM REVIEW PACKET, all old tests and quizzes, notes, diagrams, and NYS state labs. CELLULAR RESPIRATION (define) – 1) Why is cellular respiration important to ALL living things? 2) In which cell organelle does cellular respiration take place? 3) Describe the 2 types of respiration (write the equation, label reactants & products (main products & byproducts), amount of ATP produced, and name examples of organisms that perform each type) 1- Aerobic Cellular Respiration 2- Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (2 types, a.k.a. Fermentation) Alcoholic Fermentation - Lactic Acid Fermentation - 1 4) Draw an ATP molecule AND explain how it can be used to store and release energy. 5) Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration. Explain how it is recycled in nature. 6) Describe one main function of each of the steps of aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis – Kreb’s cycle - Electron Transport Chain - PHOTOSYNTHESIS (define) – Draw a chloroplast and identify its parts (thylakoid, grana, stroma). 1) Describe photosynthesis (write the equation, label the reactants & products (main product & byproducts), identify the energy source): 2 2) Name 2 types of organisms that can perform photosynthesis. 3) In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place? 4) What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give examples. 5) Oxygen is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Explain how is it recycled in nature. 6) Explain why plants are considered to be “self-sustaining.” 7) Describe the key differences between what occurs during the light dependent and light independent reactions. PLANTS 1. Describe at least two ways that plant cells are different from animal cells both structurally and functionally. Draw a leaf cross-section using page 596 of your text book or the diagram we labeled in class. LABEL each section of the leaf. 3 2. Draw a stomate and its guard cells. Describe their functions & location on the leaf. HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS Describe how any two of the human body systems work together to maintain homeostasis. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ____________________________. 1. Describe in detail how the digestive system helps the human body maintain homeostasis. (What is its main purpose in keeping you alive?) 2. Describe the process of digestion of a slice of pepperoni pizza as it passes from mouth to anus. Be sure to indicate where mechanical digestion and chemical digestion of specific nutrients found in the pepperoni pizza occurs. Mouth- EsophagusStomach- Small Intestine (with help from liver, gall bladder and pancreas)- Large Intestine4 3. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the digestive system Malfunction Structure Affected Description Treatment / Prevention Constipation Diarrhea Ulcer Gall Stones Appendicitis Heartburn / GERD 4. Why don’t plants need a digestive system? What do they have/do instead? 5 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ___________________________. 1. Describe in detail how the circulatory system helps the human body maintain homeostasis (What is its main function in keeping you alive?) 2. Name and describe the functions of the 3 types of blood vessels. 3. How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different than other vessels? 4. Describe the main function of each of the 4 components of the blood: Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells – Platelets – Plasma – 5. List the path of blood flow through the circulatory system beginning at the right atrium (use arrows). 6 6. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the circulatory system. Malfunction Description Cause Treatment / Prevention Hypertension (high blood pressure) Heart Attack Anemia Iron deficiency) Anemia – Sickle Cell Hemophilia Leukemia Stroke 7. What structures are the equivalent of a circulatory system in plants and what materials are transported? Hint: NOT Blood! 7 IMMUNE SYSTEM 1. Describe in detail how the immune system helps the human body maintain homeostasis (What is its main function in keeping you alive?) 2. List at least 4 specific functions of white blood cells (how they help fight infections). 3. Describe the immune response to a foreign substance. Use the words antigen, antibody, and pathogen appropriately in your description. 4. What is in a vaccination and how does it help the body defend against pathogens? 5. Why doesn’t a vaccine make a person sick? 6. Compare & contrast passive and active immunity and provide examples of each. 8 7. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the immune system. Malfunction Description Cause Treatment/ Prevention Allergies AIDS Organ Transplant Rejection RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ____________________________. 1. Describe in detail how the respiratory system helps the human body maintain homeostasis (what is its main function in keeping you alive)? 2. Describe each of the following structures (functions, alternate names, etc.): Nasal Cavity – Pharynx – Larynx – Epiglottis – Trachea – Bronchi – Bronchioles – Alveoli – Capillaries – Diaphragm – 3. The functional unit (working part) of the lung is called the _______________________. 9 4. The medulla of your brain regulates breathing rate by detecting the levels of ________________ (a waste gas) in the blood. 5. Describe what happens to the lungs, diaphragm, and ribs when you inhale. 6. Describe what happens to the lungs, diaphragm, and ribs when you exhale. 7. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the respiratory system. Malfunction Description Cause Treatment / Prevention Asthma Bronchitis Emphysema Pneumonia 10 EXCRETORY SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ____________________________. 1. Describe in detail how the excretory system helps the human body maintain homeostasis (what is its main function in keeping you alive)? 2. How does each of the following aid in the excretion of cellular waste products? Skin – Lungs – Liver – Urinary System – 3. List the 4 metabolic wastes removed by the excretory system. 4. The functional unit (working part) of the kidney is called the _______________________. 5. This unit is composed of several parts with specific functions. Explain the role of each. Glomerulus – Bowman’s capsule – Loop of Henle – Collecting duct – 6. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the excretory system. Malfunction Description Cause Treatment / Prevention Kidney Stones Gout Urinary Tract Infection 11 12