Download CELLULAR RESPIRATION (define)

Name: ______________________________
Living Environment – Midterm Review Sheet (2nd Quarter Cumulative Exam)
2nd Marking Period
SAVE this review
sheet for the rest
of the year!
PLEASE READ:
Complete this ENTIRE packet to receive 20 points. You will NOT receive any credit if this
packet has anything blank. This review packet will only summarize the key ideas of the topics covered
during the 2nd marking period. In addition to this review packet, study your 1st QUARTER
CUMULATIVE EXAM REVIEW PACKET, all old tests and quizzes, notes, diagrams, and NYS state
labs.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION (define) –
1) Why is cellular respiration important to ALL living things?
2) In which cell organelle does cellular respiration take place?
3) Describe the 2 types of respiration (write the equation, label reactants & products
(main products & byproducts), amount of ATP produced, and name examples of
organisms that perform each type)
1- Aerobic Cellular Respiration
2- Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (2 types, a.k.a. Fermentation)
Alcoholic Fermentation -
Lactic Acid Fermentation -
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4) Draw an ATP molecule AND explain how it can be used to store and release energy.
5) Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration. Explain how it is
recycled in nature.
6) Describe one main function of each of the steps of aerobic cellular respiration.
Glycolysis –
Kreb’s cycle -
Electron Transport Chain -
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (define) –
Draw a chloroplast and identify its parts (thylakoid, grana, stroma).
1) Describe photosynthesis (write the equation, label the reactants & products (main
product & byproducts), identify the energy source):
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2) Name 2 types of organisms that can perform photosynthesis.
3) In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place?
4) What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Give examples.
5) Oxygen is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Explain how is it recycled in
nature.
6) Explain why plants are considered to be “self-sustaining.”
7) Describe the key differences between what occurs during the light dependent and
light independent reactions.
PLANTS
1. Describe at least two ways that plant cells are different from animal cells both
structurally and functionally.
Draw a leaf cross-section using page 596 of your text book or the diagram we labeled
in class. LABEL each section of the leaf.
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2. Draw a stomate and its guard cells. Describe their functions & location on the leaf.
HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
Describe how any two of the human body systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ____________________________.
1. Describe in detail how the digestive system helps the human body maintain
homeostasis. (What is its main purpose in keeping you alive?)
2. Describe the process of digestion of a slice of pepperoni pizza as it passes from
mouth to anus. Be sure to indicate where mechanical digestion and chemical
digestion of specific nutrients found in the pepperoni pizza occurs.
Mouth-
EsophagusStomach-
Small Intestine (with help from liver, gall bladder and pancreas)-
Large Intestine4
3. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the digestive system
Malfunction
Structure
Affected
Description
Treatment / Prevention
Constipation
Diarrhea
Ulcer
Gall Stones
Appendicitis
Heartburn /
GERD
4. Why don’t plants need a digestive system? What do they have/do instead?
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ___________________________.
1. Describe in detail how the circulatory system helps the human body maintain
homeostasis (What is its main function in keeping you alive?)
2. Name and describe the functions of the 3 types of blood vessels.
3. How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different than other vessels?
4. Describe the main function of each of the 4 components of the blood:
Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells –
Platelets –
Plasma –
5. List the path of blood flow through the circulatory system beginning at the right
atrium (use arrows).
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6. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the circulatory system.
Malfunction
Description
Cause
Treatment / Prevention
Hypertension
(high blood
pressure)
Heart Attack
Anemia Iron
deficiency)
Anemia –
Sickle Cell
Hemophilia
Leukemia
Stroke
7. What structures are the equivalent of a circulatory system in plants and what materials
are transported? Hint: NOT Blood!
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IMMUNE SYSTEM
1. Describe in detail how the immune system helps the human body maintain
homeostasis (What is its main function in keeping you alive?)
2. List at least 4 specific functions of white blood cells (how they help fight infections).
3. Describe the immune response to a foreign substance. Use the words antigen,
antibody, and pathogen appropriately in your description.
4. What is in a vaccination and how does it help the body defend against pathogens?
5. Why doesn’t a vaccine make a person sick?
6. Compare & contrast passive and active immunity and provide examples of each.
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7. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the immune system.
Malfunction
Description
Cause
Treatment/
Prevention
Allergies
AIDS
Organ
Transplant
Rejection
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ____________________________.
1. Describe in detail how the respiratory system helps the human body maintain
homeostasis (what is its main function in keeping you alive)?
2. Describe each of the following structures (functions, alternate names, etc.):
Nasal Cavity –
Pharynx –
Larynx –
Epiglottis –
Trachea –
Bronchi –
Bronchioles –
Alveoli –
Capillaries –
Diaphragm –
3. The functional unit (working part) of the lung is called the _______________________.
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4. The medulla of your brain regulates breathing rate by detecting the levels of
________________ (a waste gas) in the blood.
5. Describe what happens to the lungs, diaphragm, and ribs when you inhale.
6. Describe what happens to the lungs, diaphragm, and ribs when you exhale.
7. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the respiratory system.
Malfunction
Description
Cause
Treatment / Prevention
Asthma
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Pneumonia
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EXCRETORY SYSTEM is associated with this life process: ____________________________.
1. Describe in detail how the excretory system helps the human body maintain
homeostasis (what is its main function in keeping you alive)?
2. How does each of the following aid in the excretion of cellular waste products?
Skin –
Lungs –
Liver –
Urinary System –
3. List the 4 metabolic wastes removed by the excretory system.
4. The functional unit (working part) of the kidney is called the _______________________.
5. This unit is composed of several parts with specific functions. Explain the role of each.
Glomerulus –
Bowman’s capsule –
Loop of Henle –
Collecting duct –
6. Complete the following chart on the malfunctions of the excretory system.
Malfunction
Description
Cause
Treatment / Prevention
Kidney
Stones
Gout
Urinary
Tract
Infection
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