Download Review Sheet Key - Spring Branch ISD

Virus & Bacteria Review Sheet
1.
2.
Which is bigger a virus or bacteria?___BACTERIA_________________
A virus is a particle made mostly of _____PROTEIN (CAPSID)_______________________ that surround a strand of ___DNA
OR RNA__________________.
3. What do the protein receptors on the envelope do for the virus? Explain in terms of endocytosis.
MATCH UP WITH HOST CELL RECEPTORS SO VIRUS CAN ENTER THE CELL
4. What are the three groups of viruses? (think shapes) Give an example of each.
1) ___COMPLEX_________________________
2) ____POLYHEDRAL________________________ 3)
_______HELICAL___________________
5.
Be able to label the following on a virus diagram: genetic material, capsid(s), head, tail, tail fibers, envelope, and envelope
protein receptors.
GENETIC MATERIAL
PROTEIN RECEPTOR
CAPSID
ENVELOPE
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6. What type of cells do bacteriaphages infect? ____VIRUSES______________________
7. What two ways can bacteriaphages infect a cell? ___LYTIC_____________ & ____LYSOGENIC___________
8. Which one of these types of infections makes more bacteriaphages and kills the cell? ___LYTIC___________________
9. What happens in a lytic infection verses a lysogenic infection?
LYTIC-VIRUS IMMEDIATELY MAKES COPIES OF ITSELF AND LYSES HOST CELL; LYSOGENIC-VIRUS INTEGRATES ITS DNA WITH THE
HOST CELL’S DNA
What is a retrovirus? ____HAS RNA INSTEAD OF DNA________________________________________________
What is reverse transcription?
TURNING RNA BACK INTO DNA
What type of cells do HIV infect and kill? ___IMMUNE SYSTEM______________________________
Explain generally how viruses use host cells to replicate themselves.
TAKE OVER HOST CELL’S ORGANELLES AND USES THEM TO MAKE COPIES OF ITSELF
14. List 5 diseases caused by a virus and 4 that are caused by bacteria.
HIV/AIDS, FLU, COLD, EBOLA, RABIES
STREP THROAT, TUBERCULOSIS, ANTHRAX, GANGRENE
15. Explain the process of HIV replication in helper T cells and how and why this virus will eventually cause a person to die of
a simple infection that normally wouldn’t kill someone.
16. Draw the three types of bacteria and label them coccus, bacillus, spirillum, or coccobacillus?
COCCUS-SPHERE; BACILLUS-ROD; COCCOBACILLUS-ROD AND SPHERE COMBINED
17. What are the different ways that bacteria can be arranged?
STREPTO-CHAIN; STAPHYLO-CLUSTER; DIPLO-2; TETRA-4
18. Draw a:
streptococcus bacterium
staphylobacillus bacterium
diplococcus bacterium
19. What type of cells are bacteria classified as? ___PROKARYOTES_____________________________
20. What are the defining characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
NO NUCLEUS, NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
streptobacillus bacterium
21. What are the differences in an eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell?
EUKARYOTES HAVE NUCLEUS AND MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES, PROKARYOTES DON’T
22. Prokaryotes replicate through a process called __BINARY FISSION____________ which is similar to __MITOSIS__________.
23. What is unique about prokaryotic DNA compared to a eukaryote? ___CIRCULAR________________________
24. Draw a prokaryote and label its parts? (cell membrane, cell wall, DNA, Cytoplasm, pili, flagellum)
25. What is the purpose of the pili? Explain AND draw.
HOLLOW TUBE TO ALLOW DNA TO PASS THROUGH TO ANOTHER BACTERIA
26. What does it mean for a bacteria to be antibiotic resistant? And how can single antibiotic resistant bacterium convert an
entire colony of bacteria into antibiotic
NOT AFFECTED/KILLED BY ANTIBIOTICS; RESISTANT BACTERIUM CONTINUES TO REPLICATE AND ALL OFFSPRING HAVE THE RESISTANT GENE
27. What are pathogenic bacteria? ___CAUSE DISEASE___________________________________________________
28. What structure do a lot of pathogenic bacteria have? __CAPSULE_____________ What is its purpose? PROTECTION
29. What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? __EUBACTERIA______________________ & ___ARCHEABACTERIA___________________
30. Bacteria that live at the bottom of the ocean around a heat vent (volcano) where the pressure and temperature is
tremendously high would be classified in which kingdom? ___ARCHEABACTERIA___________________
31. What is the Kirby-Bauer test and what does it show you?
SHOW HOW EFFECTIVE DIFFERENT ANTIBIOTICS ARE AT KILLING BACTERIA
32. What is the zone of inhibition?
AREA OF BACTERIA KILLED BY THE ANTIBIOTICS
33. How do you measure the zone of inhibition? Know which units to use!!!
DISTNACE IN MM FROM ANTIBIOTIC DISC TO WHERE THE GROWTH STARTS
34. What are antibiotics __MEDICINES USED TO KILL BACTERIA________________________________________________________
35. What are antiseptics __USED ON LIVING TISSUE TO KILL
BACTERIA________________________________________________________
36. What are disinfectants __USED ON NON-LIVING MATERIALS TO KILL BACTERIA
______________________________________________________
37. Where do antibiotics come from? ____FROM BACTERIA_______________________
38. How do antibiotics help a person who has a bacterial infection? BY KILLING THE BACTERIA
39. How do antibiotics inhibit bacteria from growing or spreading? PREVENTING THE BACTERIA FROM REPLICATING
40. What is nutrient agar and what is it used for? GEL PUT ON PETRI DISHES FOR THE BACTERIA TO CONSUME AND THEN GROW
41. Why is it important to be sterile and very careful when working with agar plates?
PREVENT BACTERIA FROM SPREADING
42. How are bacteria beneficial ? (5 ways)
DECOMPOSING, FOOD PRODUCTION, DIGESTION, NITROGEN FIXATION, SEWAGE TREATMENT
43. How is E. coli bacteria helpful to animals such as humans? HELPS WITH DIGESTION
44. What are some diseases that are caused by bacterial infections?
MENINGITIS, E COLI, SALMONELLA, ANTHRAX, BOTULISM
45. What is the name of the test that is depicted below? _____KIRBY-BAUER____________________
Which antibiotic is the bacterium most sensitive to? _A_______
Which antibiotic would NOT be recommended to a patient infected with the bacteria shown? ___B___
“C” in the diagram above is a control. Why is “C” needed in the test?
TO SHOW THAT THE BACTERIA IS STILL GROWING