Download Study Guide for Chapter Eight: The Civil War

Study Guide for Chapter Eight: The Civil War
Georgia Studies
1. The Civil War established the power of the federal government over the states.
2. By February of 1861, 7 states had left the Union and formed the Confederate
States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis as their president, and
Alexander Stephens as their vice-president.
3. Which Georgia garrison was captured by the Confederacy within weeks of
Lincoln’s election? Fort Pulaski
4. The fist battle of the Civil War was at Fort Sumter.
5. After this battle, four new states left the union to join the Confederacy. They
were: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas.
6. The capital of the Confederacy was Richmond.
7. What were Border States? States that still allowed slavery but remained in the
Union
8. Which states were Border States? Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, & Delaware
9. These states were generally important because of their strategic locations
10. Maryland was particularly important because it was near Richmond &
Washington, D.C.
11. Because they felt strongly about slavery, some residents of the Border States left
to fight for the South.
12. Disagreement over secession led to the creation of West Virginia.
13. The North’s advantages were:
a. Larger population to support the war effort
b. More industry and abundant resources
c. Better banking system to raise money
d. More ships
e. Larger, more efficient railway network
14. The North’s weaknesses were:
a. They would have to invade and hold the South
b. Public opinion was divided regarding the war
15. The South’s advantages:
a. White population was extremely supportive of the war
b. Fighting on familiar territory
c. Fighting for their way of life
d. Military leadership was far superior
16. The South’s weaknesses:
a. Smaller population
b. Fewer factories to make weapons and supplies
c. Produced less than half the amount of food
d. Less than ½ the amount of railway network
e. Belief in states’ rights hampered the war effort
17. War goals & strategies of the North:
a. Win the war and bring the Southern states back into the Union
b. End slavery
c. Blockade Southern Ports
d. Gain control of Mississippi River
e. Capture Richmond (Confederate Capital)
18. War goals & strategies of the South:
a. Primary goal was to gain recognition as an independent nation
b. Hold onto as much territory as possible
c. Hope England & France pressure North to end the war so their cotton
supply could be restored
d. Threaten D.C. and other Northern cities to persuade the North they
couldn’t win
19. Both sides had to force men to join the fight by the process of conscription
(draft).
20. By the end of the war, 850,000 men had fought for the Confederacy and 2.1
million men had fought for the Union.
21. Both sides thought the war would be short.
Major Battles-Antietam:
22. Union Leader – George B. McClellan
23. Confederate Leader – Robert E. Lee
24. Jefferson Davis hoped if the South kept winning Britain and France would join
their efforts
25. Two Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s orders for his troops wrapped
around three cigars
26. Antietam was the single bloodiest day of the war
Results of Antietam:
27. The Union won
28. President Lincoln used Antietam to take aim at slavery.
Emancipation Proclamation:
29. Issued September 22, 1862 (5 days after Antietam) by Abraham Lincoln
30. Lincoln wanted the Confederate States to end the war, return to the Union, &
end slavery.
31. The Emancipation Proclamation stated that unless the Southern states surrendered
by January, 1863, “all slaves in states or districts in rebellion against the United
States will be thenceforth and forever free.”
32. The Confederate Leaders chose to continue to fight.
Major Battles – Gettysburg:
33. June, 1863 – Confederate Leader – Robert E. Lee
Original Union Leader – General Hooker
Replaced by George Meade
34. Meade’s mission was to find & fight Lee’s forces while protecting Washington
and Baltimore from Confederate attack.
35. When the two armies met by accident, fighting broke out. The North was
outnumbered & retreated to a line South of town where they established strong
positions and prepared to defend the Union.
36. Although the South launched a strong attack, this strategic placement helped the
North launch a strong counter attack which saved their position.
Gettysburg Address:
37. At a ceremony dedicating a cemetery at Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a two minute
speech known as the Gettysburg Address.
38. In this speech, Lincoln declared that the dead in the war shall not have died in
vain.