Download The Human Circulatory System Review

Bio 11
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ANSWERS: The Human Circulatory and Respiratory System Review_______________
Blood is transported to the heart by the ___veins___________________.
Hemoglobin in the red blood cells brings ___oxygen________ to cells.
Platelets cause blood to ___clot/coagulate_____.
Capillaries are small blood vessels which connect arteries to ____veins___.
____Veins__________ are blood vessels which bring blood TO the heart.
The cardio-pulmonary system brings blood from the lungs to the _heart_________.
Leucocytes destroy _bacteria________.
The pericardial sack is a sack around the __heart____________.
The inferior vena cava goes to the ___right atrium___.
___Plasma___________ is the liquid portion of blood.
TRUE OR FALSE
_T__ 11. A bruise is caused by a blood clot under the skin.
_F__ 12. During circulation in the hepatic artery blood is flowing to the brain.
_F__13. Platelets are the liquid part of blood.
__T_14. There are more red blood cells that white.
__T_15. Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow.
__F_16. The heart has more than 30 valves.
__F_17. There are no veins that bring oxygenated blood to the heart.
__F_18. Anemia is the solid part of blood.
__T_19. The atria/auricles send blood to the ventricles.
__T_20. There are 4 blood types
__T_21. Veins look blue in the body.
__T_22. The body contains about 5 L of blood
__F_23. The average resting heartbeat is 85 beats per minute
LABEL THE DIAGRAM
Top left, counter clockwise to top right:
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aorta
superior vena cava
right atrium
atriculoventricular valve
inferior vena cava
right ventricle
left ventricle
another AV valve
left atrium
pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries
MATCHING
35.
36.
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47.
The biggest artery in the body
e
The higher blood pressure number
The valves in the heart
a
A waste product carried by blood
The larger of the two circulatory systems
The lower of the blood pressures measured in a beat b
Can block arteries during coagulation
c
Destroy bacteria
A condition characterized by poor RBC condition
A vein which brings blood to the liver
l
Another word for severe bleeding
A vein which goes to the kidneys
Arteries which bring blood to the heart itself
a) semi lunar
m
b) diastolic
c) platelets
h
d) anemia
k
e) aorta
f) leucocytes
g) coronary
f
h) carbonic acid
d
I) hemorrhage
j) renal
i
k) systemic
j
l) hepatic
g
m) systolic
The Respiratory system Review
Write a paragraph explaining air flow in and out of a human using the following words: diffusion, pharynx,
bronchi, alveoli, CO2, O2, bronchioles, trachea, larynx, nose, mouth, epiglottis, capillaries, diaphragm, intercostal
muscles, vocal cords. Underline each word as it is used to make sure that you’ve used them all.
Air containing oxygen enters the human respiratory system through the nose and mouth. Both air and food go
through the pharynx, but then there is a little flap called the epiglottis. It blocks the esophagus when we breathe
so that air enters the larynx where the vocal cords are located and passes into the trachea. The trachea is a
large tube connecting the throat to the lungs and it is held open by strong cartilage rings. Air containing oxygen
continues through the trachea to the bronchi of the lungs, then to the smaller bronchioles and then down to the
tiniest air sacs called alveoli which are smaller than the width of a human hair. Around each alveolus are lots of
capillaries (tiny blood vessels). From the alveoli, oxygen will diffuse into the red blood cells of the capillaries and
carbon dioxide will diffuse from the red blood cells back into the alveoli. Carbon dioxide will take the same route
out of the body as oxygen took to get in. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles allow us to breathe in and
out. The muscles will contract as we breath in, increasing the volume of our chest cavity, and will relax as we
breath out, decreasing the volume of our chest cavity.
SHORT ANSWER
49. What are the main functions of the respiratory and circulatory systems?
The main function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the organism. The
main functions of the circulatory systems are transportation (O2, CO2, hormones, wastes etc.), protection
(white blood cells) and regulation of body pH and temp (homeostasis).
50. Explain how the two systems are related.
The circulatory system transports O2 and CO2 around the body which it gets from the respiratory system.
51. What would happen if the aorta were blocked?
If the aorta were blocked the body would not receive oxygen. Could cause a heart attack.
52. Why is there a difference in blood pressure (between the two numbers)?
The higher number is when the ventricles contract squeezing blood out of the heart, the lower number is
when the ventricles relax and fill up with blood again, no squeezing, therefore less pressure.
53. What is the difference between an open and closed circulatory system?
An open circulatory system contains no blood vessels (like a grasshopper) and blood cells circulate around
the body directly and bath the body cells. A closed system (like us and earthworms) contains blood vessels.
1. Add labels to the diagram of the respiratory system of a dog below:
2. List the structures below in the order in which air passes them as it travels from the nose to the lungs
pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchioles; alveoli
3. They become enmeshed in the mucus produced by cells lining the respiratory tract. They are then transported to
the nose by the beating of the cilia that also line the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
4. Add the correct terms from the list below to the following descriptions.
a) Smallest respiratory passageways. C. Bronchioles
b) Separates the mouth from the nose. D. Palate
d) Windpipe. B. Trachea
e) Where gas exchange takes place. A. Alveoli
f) Stops food “going the wrong way” i.e. choking during swallowing. I. Epiglottis
g) Both air and food pass through this. G. Pharynx
h) The movement of air out of the lungs. H. Expiration
i) The main muscle involved in inspiration. F. Diaphragm
j) Membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity. E. Pleura
k) The volume of air inhaled or exhaled at each normal breath. J. Tidal volume
6. Arrange these statements in the right order to describe inspiration.
B. The muscles between the ribs contract to move the ribs up and out
D. The diaphragm contracts and flattens
A. The air pressure in the air tight pleural cavities decreases
E. The lungs expand to fill the space created
C. Air is drawn down the trachea into the lungs
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The Human Heart
1. arteries
2. atrium
3. left ventricle, because it needs to be strong to pump oxygenated blood to the entire body
4. pulmonary veins
5. vena cava
6. valves
7. SA node
8. to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate
9. mammals
Transport
10. aorta
11. pulmonary arteries
12. right atrium
13. valves
14. right ventricle
15. left atrium
16. left ventricle
17. see notes
18. see notes
19. valves
20. ventricles
21. atria
22. False, Each heartbeat originates in the SA node
23. True
24. True
25. True