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Week 10 Central Nervous System The Brain H u m a n B r a i n Sheep Brain Objective 1: Anatomy of the Human Brain & Cranial Nerves 4 Divisions of the brain Cerebrum (gold area) Diencephalon (Violet area) Brain stem (green area) Cerebellum (pink area) General Structures Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Fissure Gyrus Sulcus Frontal cut Gray Matter – Cerebral cortex & Basal nuclei White Matter – Myelinated fiber tracts (axons) Ventricles Cerebral Cortex – Gray Matter Histology - Recap Recap: Pyramidal Cells of Cerebral Cortex White matter: The brain's connections External Structures Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Parieto-occipital sulcus Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Lateral sulcus Temporal lobe Cerebellum Transverse fissure Longitudinal fissure Frontal lobe Central sulcus Parietal lobe Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Cerebrum Central sulcus Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Parietooccipital sulcus Septum pellucidum Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Dienceephalon & associated structures Septum pellucidum Pineal Gland Thalamus Hypothalamus Infundibulum Pituitary Gland Mammillary Body Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Brainstem Septum pellucidum Pineal Gland Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Corprora quadrigemina Infundibulum Superior colliculi Pituitary Gland Pons Inferior colliculi Mammillary Body Medulla Oblongata Cerebral peduncle Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Cerebellum Septum pellucidum Pineal Gland Thalamus Hypothalamus Infundibulum Midbrain Pituitary Gland Pons Mammillary Body Arbor Vitae Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum Real Brain Central sulcus Parieto-occipital Sulcus Gyrus Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Transverse Fissure Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Lateral sulcus Real Brain Postcentral gyrus Longitudinal fissure Occipital lobe Central sulcus Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Precentral gyrus Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus Callosum Septum pellucidum Frontal lobe Fornix Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Frontal Section of Human Brain Longitudinal fissure Corpus callosum Septum pellucidum Lateral Ventricles Fornix Diencephalon Structures of & related to the Diencephalon Midsagittal Section Epithalamus Pineal body/ gland Intermediate mass Hypothalamus Mammillary body Pituitary Gland Brainstem Midbrain: Corpora quadrigemina Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Cerebral peduncle Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Brainstem Posterior Pineal body/ gland Corpora quadrigemina Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Structures of the Cerebellum Midsagittal Section Cerebellar Peduncles Fourth ventricle Arbor Vitae Cerebellum Histology - Recap Purkinje Cells Structures of the Brain Inferior View Frontal lobe Optic chiasma Infundibulum Temporal lobe Mammilary Bodies Midbrain (Cerebral peduncle) Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebellum Spinal cord Functional areas of the Cerebral Cortex Functional Mapping of Pre and Post Central Gyri Functions of the Diencephalon Endocrine System Relay Stations Thalamus Ventricles & Meninges Meninges of the Brain A mnemonic PAD from deep to superficial the layers of the meninges are pia, arachnoid, dura (they pad the brain) Ventricles of the Brain The spaces within the brain through which cerebrospinal fluid flows Die-cast model Cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus found in the ventricles Ventricles Coronal Section of Brain Corpus callosum Lateral ventricles Diencephalon Diencephalon Third ventricle Third Ventricle Fourth Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Superior sagittal sinus Arachnoid villus Choriod plexus Subarachnoid space Lateral ventricles Interventricular foramen 3rd ventricle Cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle Vein C r a n i a l N e r v e s 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves Filaments of Olfactory nerve (I) Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Optic chiasma Oculomotor nerve (III) Optic tract Trochlear nerve (IV) Abducens nerve (VI) Trigeminal nerve (V) Facial nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Accessory nerve (XI) On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny - Very Good Vehicle AnyHow Oh, Oh, Oh - To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet - AH! The Real Thing Trigeminal Nerve (V) Abducens Nerve (VI) GlossoPharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory Nerves (XI) Olfactory Bulb (I) Optic Nerve (II) Oculomotor Nerve (III) Trochlear Nerve (IV) Facial Nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII) Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Brain Pathologies Ischemic Stroke Tumor Hemorrhagic Stroke Objective 2: Sheep Brain Dissection 1 Identify the external structures Inferior Sheep brain structures are the same as the human brain, only slightly different sizes 2 Remove Dura mater (w/ pituitary gland) Identify the external structures Superior Same structures as human brain, only slightly different size Identify the external structures Inferior 3 Pull back the cerebellum to reveal Corpora Quadrigemina & Pineal Gland 4 Make a midsagittal cut through the brain 5 Brainstem Diencephalon Identify the internal structures Midsagittal Identify the internal structures Midsagittal Lateral Ventricle Fourth Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Third Ventricle You may begin!
