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Nikolaus Copernicus 1473- 1543 Copernincus was from Poland. His father was wealthy and Copernicus was educated in Italy. Copernicus is most famous for his discovery of Heliocentrism. This means that the sun stays in one place, and that the earth goes around it. This may not sound like a big deal, but humans had always thought that the sun went around the earth because of the way it moved in the sky. When Copernicus made this discovery, it made people question EVERYTHING!!! WHAT ELSE WAS POSSIBLE!!! Galileo Galilei 1564-1642 Galileo was born in Florence, Italy. He was a devout Catholic. His father wanted him to become a doctor, but he was not interested in medical studies. He especially liked math and science. He had many books by the Romans and Greeks translated and sought to build on their knowledge. He is known as the father of modern mathematics, physics and astronomy. Much of the knowledge he found about the world and space was due to his new experiments. For example, he tried to estimate the speed of light by having someone stand on a far away hill and flash a lantern. Then both would calculate how much time had passed between flashing the lantern and someone seeing the light and then calculate the distance. This experiment did not work, but it shows his new type of thinking. Also, he discovered a lot of new knowledge by improving scientific tools. For example, he added several lenses to a telescope so that he could see much farther into space. However, after he further researched Copernicus’ theory of Heliocentrism and found it to be true, things did not go well for Galileo. Many people in Galileo’s time thought that the bible was not only a religious book, but a book of science and worldly facts. Galileo was always a strict Catholic, but many of his findings made him think that the bible was not a scientific book, just a book of religion. The pope ordered him to Rome and read these quotes from the bible to Galileo: Psalm 93:1, Psalm 96:10, and Chronicles 16:30 state that "the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved." Psalm 104:5 says, "[the LORD] set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved." Ecclesiastes 1:5 states that "the sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises." The pope told Galileo that his Heliocentrism theory was an attack on the bible and imprisoned Galileo. Eventually Galileo was taken out of prison and put on house arrest. He was not allowed to do any further research. Many famous scientists from Einstein to Newton to Hawkings agree that civilization would not be advanced as it is today if it were not for Galileo. 1.) Where did Copernicus get his education, and where was Galileo from? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2.) What did Copernicus discover? Why was this such a big deal? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3.) What three things enabled Galileo able to discover new things in physics, math, and astronomy? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 4.) What types of problems did Galileo have after he agreed with Copernicus? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________