Download Unit 2 Practice Test (Chapters 3 and 4)

APES
Chapter 3 and 4 Practice Test
1. The diversity of organisms present on Earth is the result of
(1) ecosystem stability (3) natural selection
(2) homeostasis (4) direct harvesting
2. Plants in species A cannot fight most fungal infections. Plants in species B make a protein
that kills many fungi. One possible way for humans to produce species A plants with the
ability to synthesize this protein would be to
(1) mutate fungal DNA and introduce the mutated DNA into species B using a virus
(2) add DNA from species B into the soil around species A
(3) insert the gene for the protein from species B into a chromosome in species A
(4) cross species A and a fungus to stimulate the synthesis of this protein
3. A species that lacks the variation necessary to adapt to a changing environment is more
likely to
(1) develop many mutated cells (2) become extinct over time
(3) begin to reproduce sexually (4) develop resistance to diseases
4. A particular species of shark normally reproduces sexually. In captivity, it was found that
a female could also reproduce asexually. One negative result from asexual reproduction is
(1) increased gene recombinations (2) increased number of males produced
(3) decreased number of eggs used (4) decreased biodiversity within the species
5. Which statement is best supported by the theory of evolution?
(1) Genetic alterations occur every time cell reproduction occurs.
(2) The fossil record provides samples of every organism that ever lived.
(3) Populations that have advantageous characteristics will increase in number.
(4) Few organisms survive when the environment remains the same.
6. The pedigree of Seattle Slew, a racehorse considered by some to be one of the fastest
horses that ever lived, includes very fast horses on both his mother’s side and his father’s
side. Seattle Slew most likely was a result of
(1) environmental selection (2) alteration of DNA molecules (3) selective breeding (4) a
sudden mutation
7. Which pair of organisms would most likely compete for the same ecological niche?
(1) bacteria and fungi (2) deer and wolf
(3) tree and fungi (4) deer and bacteria
Base your answers to questions 8 and 9 on the diagram below, which represents a pond food
web, and on your knowledge of biology.
8. Which energy pyramid most accurately shows the energy relationships between three
organisms in this food web?
9 Which statement best describes what will most likely happen if the amphipod population is
removed from this food web?
(1) Population sizes of species at feeding levels both before and after amphipods will
decrease.
(2) Population sizes of species at feeding levels both before and after amphipods will
increase.
(3) Population sizes of species at feeding levels after amphipods will increase and before
amphipods will decrease.
(4) Population sizes of species at feeding levels after amphipods will decrease and before
amphipods will increase
10. A characteristic that an organism exhibits during its lifetime will only affect the
evolution of its species if the characteristic
(1) results from isolation of the organism from the rest of the population
(2) is due to a genetic code that is present in the gametes of the organism
(3) decreases the number of genes in the body cells of the organism
(4) causes a change in the environment surrounding the organism
11. A species of bird known as Bird of Paradise has been observed in the jungles of New
Guinea. The males shake their bodies and sometimes hang upside down to show off their
bright colors and long feathers to attract females. Females usually mate with the “flashiest”
males. These observations can be used to support the concept that
(1) unusual courtship behaviors lead to extinction
(2) some organisms are better adapted for asexual reproduction
(3) homeostasis in an organism is influenced by physical characteristics
(4) behaviors that lead to reproductive success have evolved
12. Which statement provides evidence that evolution is still occurring at the present time?
(1) The extinction rate of species has decreased in the last 50 years.
(2) Many bird species and some butterfly species make annual migrations.
(3) New varieties of plant species appear more frequently in regions undergoing climatic
change.
(4) Through cloning, the genetic makeup of organisms can be predicted.
13. Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the
energy pyramid below and on your knowledge of biology.
13 Which level includes organisms that receive their
energy from level B?
(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D
14. Which level includes organisms that get their energy exclusively from a source other
than the organisms in this ecosystem?
(1) A (2) B(3) C (4) D
15. A limiting factor unique to a field planted with corn year after year is most likely
(1) temperature (2) sunlight (3) water (4) soil nutrients
16. When the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient to allow its survival, that
species is likely to
(1) mate with other species (2) produce a beneficial mutation (3) form a fossil (4) become
extinct
17. Which reproductive pattern would be associated with a species that is most likely to
undergo rapid evolutionary change?
(1) asexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle
(2) sexual reproduction with a short reproductive cycle
(3) asexual reproduction with a long reproductive cycle
(4) sexual reproduction with a long reproductive cycle
18. The carrying capacity for herbivores in a habitat is most directly affected by the
availability of
(1) heat energy released by carnivores
(2) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(3) photosynthetic organisms
(4) decomposers in the soil
19. Abiotic factors that affect the growth of grass in a lawn include
(1) bacteria and soil (2) earthworms and nutrients (3) moisture and minerals (4) fertilizer and
decomposers
20. An energy pyramid is represented below.
The energy for use by organisms in level A originally comes from
(1) producers (2) the Sun (3) level B (4) level D
21. A food web is represented below.
A continuous decrease in the size of the rabbit population would most likely cause a
decrease in which other population?
(1) frog (2) cricket (3) grass (4) mountain lion
22. One possible pathway for the evolution of elephants is represented in the diagram below.
Which statement concerning this pattern of evolution is correct?
(1) Evolution always results in favorable traits.
(2) Evolution does not always result in a species that will survive to present time.
(3) Evolution leads to less complex organisms.
(4) Evolution results in the same changes in all species.
23. The graph below shows changes in the populations of two species that interact only with
each other over a period of time.
Interaction of Two Species
Which statement best describes these two species?
(1) Species A is a producer and species B is its consumer.
(2) Species A is a host and species B is its parasite.
(3) Species A is a predator and species B is its prey.
(4) Species A is a scavenger and species B is its decomposer.
24. The diagram below shows four species of birds that evolved from an ancestral species
that had a small, pointed beak. Today, all four species inhabit the same island.
Which statement best explains the variation in the beaks of these four species?
(1) Over time, an abundance of seeds for food led to increased similarities between the
species.
(2) Over time, an abundance of seeds for food led to increased differences between the
species.
(3) Competition for limited food resources led to selection for similar traits.
(4) Competition for limited food resources led to selection for different traits.
25. An energy pyramid containing autotrophs and other organisms from a food chain is
represented below.
Carnivores would most likely be located in
(1) level I, only (2) level I and level II (3) level III, only (4) level II and level III
26. The diagram below represents a food pyramid.
The concentration of the pesticide DDT in individual organisms at level D is higher than the
concentration in individuals at level A because DDT is
(1) synthesized by organisms at level D
(2) excreted by organisms at level A as a toxic waste
(3) produced by organisms at level C which are eaten by organisms at level D
(4) passed through levels A, B, and C to organisms at level D
27. Base your answers to questions 41 through 43 on the information below and on your
knowledge of biology
28. Gardeners sometimes use slug traps to capture and kill slugs. These
traps were tested in a garden with a large slug population. Organisms
found in the trap after one week are shown in the table below.
How many organisms in the trap were herbivores?
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 22 (D) 99
29. State one reason the slug traps are not the best method to control slugs.
30. In a process known as biological control, natural predators that prey on plant or animal
pests are used to control the populations of the pests. Identify one organism shown in
this food web that could be used as a biological control to replace the slug traps.
Answers: 3,3,2,4,3, 3,1,2,4,2,4,3,1,4,4,4,2,3,3,2,4,2,3,4,4,4,C, indiscriminate killing of
various insect species, centipedes or ground beetles