Download Chapter 10-1 Notes: Building a National Identity

Chapter 10-1 Notes: Building a National Identity
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Era of Good Feelings saw Republicans take control of the government
o James Monroe easily won two terms in office and sought to build national
unity
o Government became more involved in helping the economy, including:
building better roads and canals for trade, supporting high tariffs to protect
American industry
o Capitalism – economic system in which privately owned business compete
in a free market
o Interstate commerce – trade between two or more states
Chapter 10-2 Notes: Dealing with Other Nations
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Spain’s control over parts of north and south America was weakening
o Was forced to cede, or give up, Florida to the United States in 1819
because it could not protect it
o 1810: Mexico began revolting and freeing areas from Spanish rule, led by
Miguel Hidalgo; 2nd revolution occurred in 1820 that resulted in Mexico’s
independence by 1821
 By 1825, most of Latin America was independent of European rule
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France and Russia claimed they would help Spain recapture the newly
independent countries in North and South America, worrying President Monroe
o 1823: Monroe issued a statement saying the United States would not allow
European nations to create American colonies or interfere with the free
nations of Latin America – known as the Monroe Doctrine
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1837, Canadians led rebellions against British rule, but were kept under British
control
o Britain gave Canada the power of self-government – the right of people to
rule themselves independently
o American relations with Canada were tense after the War of 1812, but
steadily grew stronger
Chapter 10-3 Notes: The Age of Jackson
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Election of 1824: Andrew Jackson ran for president against John Quincy Adams,
Henry Clay and William Crawford
o Jackson won popular vote and had most electoral votes, but not a majority
o Election would be decided in the House – choice between Jackson and
Adams
 Henry Clay was Speaker of the House and told people to vote for
Adams, who won the election
 Adams made Clay his Secretary of State in a “corrupt bargain”
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New Era in politics: suffrage – the right to vote – became available to almost all
adult white men (women and blacks still could not vote)
o supporters of Andrew Jackson believed ordinary people should vote, hold
office, and do anything else they had the ability to do – opposed special
privileges for wealthy
o Republican party split during 1824 election: National Republicans and
Democrats; Republicans disappeared altogether, leaving Democrats and
Whigs
o Election of 1828 – victory for Jackson – 3X the vote of the previous year
 A victory for the “common man”
 Jackson gave his supporters government jobs: spoils system –
rewarding government jobs to loyal supporters of the party that wins
election
Chapter 10-4 Notes: Indian Removal
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in 1828, more than 100,000 Native Americans lived east of the Mississippi River;
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, Seminoles
o Cherokee had a government based on a written constitution, claiming they
were a separate nation
o To many Americans, Native Americans were an obstacle to westward
expansion
 Government made treaties with Natives asking many groups to leave
voluntarily – most did not leave
 1825 & 1827, Georgia passed laws forcing Natives to give up their
lands
o Some support existed for Natives in Georgia and two lawsuits were filed to
prevent their removal, but Andrew Jackson was putting the Indian Removal
Act of 1830 into effect
 Forced Indians to move west of the Mississippi in exchange for their
lands to the east (Indian Territory in Oklahoma)
 Between 1831 and 1833, the Choctaws moved west along the “Trail
of Tears”
 Government did not provide enough tents, food, blankets,
shoes, winter clothes or other supplies
 Cherokee removal: 1838-39, 7,000 soldiers guarded the removal of
Cherokee from lands in Georgia
 Forced to march hundreds of miles with few supplies
 Of 15,000 Cherokee, 4,000 died along the way
Chapter 10-5 Notes: States’ Rights and the Economy
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1828, Congress passed a tariff that helped northern manufacturers that
southerners disagreed with
o (history repeating itself) southern states argued they had the right of
nullification – an action by a state that cancels a federal law within the state
 if the Federal government could enforce what the state considers an
unjust law, could it use its power to end slavery?
o President Jackson: “Our Federal Union – It must be preserved”
 Calhoun: “The Union – next to our liberty, the most dear.” – states’
rights are more important than the Union
o 1832: South Carolina voted to nullify the tariffs, saying if they were forced
to impose the tariffs, South Carolina would secede
 Jackson put federal troops in South Carolina, “disunion by armed
force is treason.”