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The Schism of Islam: Changes in Power and Conflict So! What did that whole Islam thing do? • Effect on the people in Arabia? • Other religions that were practiced? • Who was in charge of Islam? • Why was he in charge? Today! What Happens when You Lose the Head of Your Empire? • Muhammad dies in 632 CE • Muslims have created an empire over much of the Arabian Peninsula • Since Muhammad was the founder, there is no history of how to deal with this loss If I died, =(, Who would take over the Classroom? • Don’t Answer Immediately!!!! • And what if Mr. Salatellis was not an option? • What if it had to be someone from this classroom? • How would you choose that person? • What traits would that person have? • Everyone write down a name from the class on a piece of paper • Don’t show anyone else! • Since I’m dead, I’ll collect the votes and count them to see who the winner is • This is anonymous!!!! • Why do you think this person got the most votes? • What makes them the best leader or is it teacher? • What does this say about the way that leaders are chosen? The Successor to Muhammad • The leaders of Islam were merchant elites, even though Islam was more successful at first with the poor • They chose Muhammad’s father-in-law, Abu Bakr, to be the next leader, or Caliph of Islam • Others wanted Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law How Do we choose leaders? • If they both had a link to Muhammad, how were they to know who should lead? • If both have evidence of the former leader’s favour, how do we know? • How do we know who is telling the truth? The First of the caliphs • Abu Bakr only lasted 2 years before dying • Old age + Sickness = Dead • But! Solidified rule over Arabian peninsula and defeated rebels who refused Caliph rule • Because disagreed on who should be in charge 2nd Caliph: Umar • Named by Abu Bakr as his successor • Helped establish the Caliphate system with Abu Bakr • Was Caliph for 10 years (634-644 CE) • Conquered Persian Empire • Got assassinated! =( Uthman: The Military man • North African expansion • Push eastward through to modern day Pakistan and north through modern day Afghanistan • Increased prosperity, but assassinated in 656 CE Extent of Empire under Caliph Uthman Finally Ali Gets a Shot! • After the assassination, Ali gets to be the next Caliph • Ruled from 656 – 661 CE • He was the first male to convert to Islam at the age of 12 • Is the central figure of the major schism of Islam: Sunni and Shia But many do not want ali... ....Or a split within a single group that makes it two groups! • There was a large group called the Umayyads who had links to the Caliphs before Ali • When Ali took over, they were not happy • Sought to establish a different leader for Islam The Schism that Followed Sunni - Umayyads • Supported Abu Bakr as 1st Caliph • Some evidence showed that Muhammad wanted Abu Bakr to succeed him • Sunnis believe that everyone agreed that Abu Bakr should be the new leader of the Muslim community Shia – Followers of Ali • Wanted Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali to become the 1st Caliph • Some evidence showed that Muhammad wanted Ali to succeed him • Shias believe that there were people who rejected the selection of Abu Bakr, and maintained belief in Ali the whole time Umayyad dynasty • Made Damascus their Capital • The 1st long term dynasty in the Arab Empire • Wealthy Arab merchants who were linked with early Caliphs • Clan based out of Syria And They Lived Happily Ever After....Ya think? • What happens when something expands rapidly? • How did voting go at the beginning of class? • What if there were thousands of you instead of ~25? Homework!! Booooooo! • Write half a page about what you think makes a good leader • Why are these things important to leadership? • How should leadership pass from one person to another? • Does it matter what the person is leading?