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Transcript
The First 4 Caliphs Caliph: Leader of Islam after the death of Muhammad 1ST CALIPH - ABU BAKR :632-634 MUHAMMAD’S BEST FRIEND AND FATHER-IN-LAW WANTED TO KEEP UNITY IN ISLAM WANTED TO EXPAND ISLAM DIED OF NATURAL CAUSES 2ND CALIPH – UMAR 634-644 WANTED TO EXPAND ISLAM BY USE OF JIHAD FORMED THE ARMY OF GOD HAD TO TAX MUSLIMS TO SUPPORT ARMY KILLED BY A PERSIAN CHRISTIAN BECAUSE OF TAXES 3RD CALIPH – UTHMAN 644-656 WEALTHY MERCHANT MEMBER OF THE UMAYYAD CLAN BITTER ENEMIES WITH HASHIM TRIBE KILLED BY EGYPTIAN MUSLIMS BECAUSE OF TAXES 4TH CALIPH – ALI 656-661 MUHAMMAD’S COUSIN AND SON IN LAW MEMBER OF THE HASHIM TRIBE MEMORIZED THE QURAN MARRIED TO FATIMA ASSASINATED BY MUSLIMS Karbala A visual representation of the Sunni Shiite split Remember Muhammad’s family Muhammad & Hadija Daughter Fatima married Ali (4th Caliph) Had two sons Hussein (also spelt “Husayn”) Hassan Ali Assassinated Leaving the two sons behind Shiites believed that the sons of Ali & Fatima should lead Islam One son tried to become Caliph Husayn Wanted to be the Caliph Considered by Shiite as a Caliph and Imam Headquarters in Baghdad Umayyad Sunnis In control of Islam Headquarters in Damascus, Syria Battle of Karbala Husayn ibn Ali Killed by Sunnis 680 ad (61 ah) Muqtada Al-Sadr (Shiite) Osama Bin Laden (Sunni) Bibliography http://i-cias.com/e.o/muharram.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/untold_s... http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/... http://i-cias.com/e.o/karbala_img.htm http://www.jafariyanews.com/2k5_news/feb/18_k... http://www.jafariyanews.com/2k5_news/feb/13_t... http://www.jafariyanews.com/2k5_news/feb/17_h... http://www.quepasa.com/english/news/war/Iraq.civil.war/428486.html http://www.quepasa.com/english/news/war/Shrine.attack.Iraq/428091.html
