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Download Ch 2 Islam
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Ch 2 Islamic Civilization I. ------ Study Guide VOCABULARY Arabian Peninsula: where Islam began, home to nomadic tribes oasis: area in desert fed by underground water nomad: Arabs who have no permanent home, looking for grazing land for animals, people to trade with at oases caravan: line of camels carrying trade goods through the desert sheikh: Arab tribal leader or chief II. NAMES and PEOPLE -- Muhammad: founder of Islam, messages from angel of words of Allah, led Muslims to Madinah for Hijrah -- Allah: Arabic word for God, God of Muslims and Islamic religion -- Ali: 4th caliph, accepted by Shiites, related to Muhammad -- Muslims: Sunni, Shiite, Arabs, sheikh, caliph II. BELIFEFS and SYMBOLS OF ISLAM -- monotheism: belief in one god -- Islam: religion of Muslims, means “surrender to will of Allah (God)” -- Muslim: one who believes in Islam, means “one who submits to will of Allah” -- Quran: holy book of Muslims, contains words of Allah (God) -- Five Pillars: BELIEF, PRAYER, CHARITY, FASTING, PILGRIMAGE -- mosque: Muslim house of worship -- Sunna: holy book of Islam contains words, deeds, and teachings of Muhammad -- Kaaba: black structure in Makkah where Muslims must go at least once in lifetime if able, site of Pilgrimage 5 th Pillar -- People of Book: what the Muslims call Jews and Christians because they have holy writings and believe in one god -- caliph: “successor to Messenger of God”; political and religious leader of Islam after Muhammad died III. SUNNI vs. SHIITE (SHIA) -- caliph: disagreement over who should be leader of Islam after Muhammad died -- schism: caused by disagreement about caliph; groups still separated today -- most Muslims are Sunni (80-90%) -- most Shiite live in Iran and Iraq (10-20 %) -- both agreed upon Ali as 4th caliph; Shiite thought Ali should be first caliph, did not accept first three -- Sunnis accept first three caliphs AND Ali as 4th caliph -- a lot in common with each other in culture IV. SCHOLARLY ACHIEVMENTS -- invented algebra, chemistry, how blood circulates in body (medicine) -- thought world was round and measured its size and distance around (circumference) pretty accurately -- used minarets in architecture and buildings -- Golden Age of Islam: when arts and achievements flourished in Middle East