* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Supplement 1: Complete set of magneto static data
Electric machine wikipedia , lookup
Electromagnetism wikipedia , lookup
History of electrochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Magnetic field wikipedia , lookup
Lorentz force wikipedia , lookup
Neutron magnetic moment wikipedia , lookup
Magnetic nanoparticles wikipedia , lookup
Magnetic monopole wikipedia , lookup
Faraday paradox wikipedia , lookup
Hall effect wikipedia , lookup
Waveguide (electromagnetism) wikipedia , lookup
Eddy current wikipedia , lookup
Earth's magnetic field wikipedia , lookup
Superconducting magnet wikipedia , lookup
Magnetic core wikipedia , lookup
Force between magnets wikipedia , lookup
Scanning SQUID microscope wikipedia , lookup
Magnetoreception wikipedia , lookup
Magnetohydrodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Electroactive polymers wikipedia , lookup
Multiferroics wikipedia , lookup
Superconductivity wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Magnetotellurics wikipedia , lookup
Supplement 1: Complete set of magneto static data In Fig. S1 we present the magnetization curves of all composites, LNO50-CFO50, LNO70-CFO30 and LNO80-CFO20. As expected, the magnetization of the composites decreases with CFO content. 40 LNO50-CFO50 M / emug -1 30 20 LNO70-CFO30 10 LNO80-CFO20 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -15000-10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 15000 H / Gauss Fig. S1: MH curves for LNO100-x-CFOx composites 1 Supplement 2: Dielectric relaxation data for LNO70CFO30 and LNO80CFO20 composites As shown in Fig. S2 and Fig. S3, all composites display dielectric relaxation. The dielectric loss spectra displayed in Fig. S2 show dispersion at low frequencies are characterized by a VogelFulcher temperature of Tvf=130K for LNO70CFO30. The loss maximum shifts to higher temperatures as frequency increases; applying a magnetic field of 100G shifts the temperature of the loss maximum by 12K. Dielectric loss 3 2 1Hz 2.15Hz 4.64Hz 10Hz 21.5Hz 46.4Hz 100Hz (a) 215Hz 464Hz 1KHz 2.15KHz 4.64KHz 10KHz 1 0 3 Dielectric loss (b) 2 1 0 350 400 450 500 Temperature / K Fig. S2: Dielectric loss as function of temperature and frequency for LNO70CFO30: (a) without magnetic field (b) with a magnetic field of 100Gauss 2 The dielectric loss spectra displayed in Fig. S3 show dispersion at low frequencies characterized by a Vogel-Fulcher temperature of Tvf=170K for LNO80CFO20. The loss maximum shifts to higher temperatures as frequency increases. No magnetically induced shift of the dielectric dispersion was evident in LNO80CFO20. Dielectric loss 3.0 2.5 2.0 1Hz 2.15Hz 4.64Hz 10Hz 21.5Hz 46.4Hz 100Hz 215Hz 464Hz 1KHz 2.15KHz 4.64KHz 10KHz (a) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 3.0 (b) Dielectric loss 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 350 400 450 500 Temperature / K Fig. S3: Dielectric loss as function of temperature and frequency for LNO80CFO20: (a)without magnetic field (b) with a magnetic field of 100Gauss 3 Supplement 3: Magnotoelectric relaxation data for LNO70CFO30 and LNO80CFO20 composites In general, the composites show magnetoelectric relaxation at low bias fields. Details of the relaxation behavior between systems were not investigated. The magnetization as a function of the applied electric voltage shows magnetoelectric relaxation at a low magnetic field of 10G. At 3000G the magnetization responds without relaxation to the applied voltage, see Figs. S4, S5. 33.8 (a) LNO70-CFO30 10G M / emucm-3 33.7 33.6 33.5 33.4 33.3 33.2 33.1 33.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time / s (b) LNO70-CFO30 3KG 87.1 M / emucm-3 87.0 86.9 86.8 86.7 86.6 86.5 86.4 86.3 0 100 200 300 Time / s 400 500 Fig. S4: Magnetic moment switched by an electric field of 106V/m in LNO70CFO30: (a) At a bias magnetic field of 10Gauss (b) At a magnetic field of 3000Gauss 4 33.8 (a) LNO80CFO20 10G M / emucm-3 33.7 33.6 33.5 33.4 33.3 33.2 33.1 33.0 32.9 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time / S 76.7 (b) LNO80-CFO20 3KG 76.6 M / emucm-3 76.5 76.4 76.3 76.2 76.1 76.0 75.9 75.8 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time / S Fig. S5 Magnetism switched by an electric field of 106V/m in LNO80CFO20 (a) At a bias magnetic field of 10Gauss (b) At a magnetic field of 3000Gauss 5 Supplement 4: Evaluation of the maximum of the dielectric loss - VogelFulcher temperature, fitting procedure. Figure S6 displays the temperature dependence of the dielectric loss, which was deconvoluted to determine the temperature at which of the loss maximum occurs. For that purpose we found an analytical expression for the background (blue in Fig. S6) by interpolating between the red segments, also shown in Fig. S6. The functional approximation of the background loss is given A by y y 0 , y0=70.7, xc=248, w=1220, A=-108000. It was ( x xc ) 2 w exp( 2 ) 2 w2 subtracted from the experimental data and the difference, shown in Fig. S6 (light green) and fit to a Gaussian y y 0 2A w2 , y0=1.18, Tm=408, w=68.9, A=-104. An example (4 (T Tm )) 2 w 2 of the data fitting process is displayed in Fig. S6. 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Tm=407.4K 0.5 0.0 300 350 400 450 Temperature / K 500 Fig. S6: Example of the fitting procedure to obtain the temperature of the dielectric loss maximum. Experimental data (black and red lines) Background fitted to red experimental data (blue dashed line) Background corrected data (light green line) Gaussian fit to background corrected data (dark green dashed line) 6