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CHAPTER 5 REVIEW
VIRUS: pg. 84 & 85
Size
Extremely small
Need electron microscope to see them
Shape
Varies
Structure
Protein coat (outside)
DNA (inside) (see drawing)
How are viruses different from living cells? (see study sheet 2)
Viruses cannot do the 4 life processes
Viruses are non living
Viruses can not live by themselves
How does a Virus infect a host cell? (4 step drawing)
Attaches to host cell
Virus injects DNA into host
Virus DNA reproduces inside host cell
Cell bursts open and releases new viruses
Virus Diseases: flu, cold, mumps, measles, HIV, common cold,
small pox, chicken pox, rabies
BACTERIA: pg. 86-92
Shape (see drawings)
Bacilli (rod)
Spirilla (spiral)
Cocci (round)
Structure
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Capsule
Protective
Slimy membrane around bacteria (see drawing)
Flagella
Protein fibers that cause bacteria to move in liquid (see drawing)
How do bacteria reproduce and how often?
By fission, every 20 minutes
Aerobe vs. Anaerobe Bacteria
Aerobe – need oxygen to break down food
Anaerobe – does not need oxygen
Ways that bacteria are helpful
Breakdown wastes and dead organisms
Cleans up water
Helps make certain foods: yogurt, cheese
Helpful in research
Ways that bacteria are harmful
Cause disease and sickness
Poison foods
Pathogens
Disease causing virus or bacteria
Something that makes you sick (see list of differences)
Bacterial diseases
Strep throat, ear infections, pneumonia, meningitis
Antibiotics
Medicine to help fight bacteria
Original one was Penicillin
Ways to prevent growth of harmful bacteria
Wash hands, refrigerate food, freeze food, and throw out bad food
VIRUSES AND BACTERIA: (see type 1 writing & notes)
How are viruses and bacteria similar?
Both: cause disease, reproduce, have DNA and are very small
How are viruses and bacteria different?
Viruses: needs a host cell to reproduce, are small, are non-living,
and are not cells
Bacteria: does not need a host cell to reproduce, are cells