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Chapter 5/Section 1— Energy Flow in Ecosystems Where do organisms get the energy to survive? MOST energy originates from the sun; is captured by plants through process of photosynthesis: o Carbon dioxide + water + solar energy sugar + oxygen o 6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 o The sugars/carbohydrates produced by plants can then be eaten by animals to provide energy to move, grow & reproduce o When animals eat any food, its energy is released through the process of cellular respiration (the reverse of photosynthesis): sugar + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY Producer (autotroph): an organism that makes its own food Consumer (heterotroph): an organism that gets its energy from eating other organisms SOMETIMES, bacteria can produce energy without the sun o Break down chemicals on the seafloor to release energy and produce their own food What eats what? 4 different types of consumers: o Herbivores eat producers (plants) o Carnivores eat consumers (other animals) o Omnivores eat both producers and consumers o Decomposers break down dead organisms HOW is energy transferred in an ecosystem? Food chain shows how energy is transferred from a single sequence of organisms Food web shows multiple food chains linked together Each step (or link) in a food chain is called a trophic level Producers are at the lowest trophic level; top predators are at the highest Only 10% of the energy from each trophic level is passed on to the next level o 90% of energy consumed by an organism gets burned off while carrying out functions of life—moving, staying warm, etc. o That leaves only 10%--the part that is stored in the organism’s body as cells and molecules (that’s what the next level eats) o This relationship is shown in an energy pyramid: each level represents a trophic level, with the most energy at the bottom (producers)