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#1 – PHON
SOUND
GREEK
microphone – instrument that records or
transmits small sounds
symphony – sounds that go together
megaphone – instrument to make sound
larger
euphony – a pleasing or sweet sound;
pronunciation that is pleasing to the ear
cacophony – a combination of unpleasant
sounds
homophone – word that sounds the same
as another (ex: to, two, too)
phoneme – a small unit of sound (ex: “th”)
#2 - SON
SOUND
LATIN
sound – vibrations perceived by our ears
sonnet – a form of poetry with rhyming
sounds
sonar – instrument that uses sound to
navigate underwater
sonata – instrumental musical composition
that is played rather than sung
consonant – speech sounds made with lips,
tongue, and teeth
sonorous – rich and full in sound
sonic – relating to sound
#3 – GRAPH/GRAM
WRITE OR DRAW
GREEK
calligraphy – beautiful handwriting
phonograph – machine for “writing” sound
in the air
graph – a picture of information
autograph – self-written name (signature)
graphite – black carbon used to write or
draw
lithograph – drawing made on stone
hologram – 3D picture of a whole object
#4 - SCRIPT/SCRIB
WRITE
LATIN
scribe – one who writes
transcribe – to copy speech over into
writing
script – something written; written dialog of
a play
prescription – written order given before
treatment
describe – to write down; to give an
account in words
inscription – a short, signed message (as in
a book)
scribble – to write hastily; to cover with
quick drawings
#5 - VERB
WORD
LATIN
verbal – relating to words
reverb – to echo (as in words that echo)
nonverbal – not involving words
proverb – a wise saying
verbose – wordy; full of words
verbatim – word-for-word copy or record
verbalize – to express in words
#6 – LOG
THOUGHT, WORD, OR SPEECH
GREEK
logic – reasoning to gain knowledge
chronology – arrangement of events in time
cosmology – the study of the universe
technology – the study of how to improve a
skill
theology – the study of religion
dialogue – conversation between two or
more people; lines spoken by characters
monologue – a long speech by one person
#7 - DICT
SPEAK
LATIN
dictator – one who speaks with absolute
authority
contradict – to be contrary to or oppose in
words
dictionary – book containing the words of a
language
predict – to tell beforehand
indict - to publicly announce; to charge with
a crime
vindictive – characterized by revenge; uses
negative words to hurt others
verdict – opinion, judgment, or answer
given by a jury or judge
#8 – NOMIN
NAME
LATIN
nominate – to suggest someone’s name for
an office
pseudonym – false name
astronomer – one who names the stars
anonymous – no name
renowned – widely known or famous
denomination – names of classes or
categories (ex: religion, money, etc.)
misnomer – a wrong or unsuitable name
#9 - SPECT
WATCH, LOOK
LATIN
inspect – to look upon something closely
introspective – looking within oneself
speculate – to consider a subject from
different viewpoints and make an inference
perspective - the effect of distance upon
the appearance of objects; viewpoint
spectator – one who watches
specter - something preternaturally
(unexplainably) visible; ghost or apparition
suspect – inspiring distrust; one who is the
object of distrust
#10 – SKOP
GREEK
LOOK, EXAMINE, VIEW, OBSERVE
scope – all the eyes can see
microscope – instrument to see small
objects
gyroscope – a rotating wheel mounted in a
ring to make visible the earth’s rotation
periscope – instrument to see 360 degrees
around
bishop – a church overseer
kaleidoscope – instrument to see beautiful
forms of reflected bits of glass
horoscope – the prediction (seeing) of
future events based on astrological signs
#11 – BIO
LIFE
GREEK
biology – the study of life
biography – written account of someone’s
life
autobiography – a self-written account of
someone’s life
microbe – a small organism (form of life)
antibiotic – medicine to inhibit or destroy
life of bacteria
amphibian – animal that lives on land and
in water
symbiosis – a relationship of mutual benefit
or dependence by two unrelated species
#12 - MORT
DEATH
LATIN
mortal – related to death; able to die
mortality – the condition of being alive
immortal – not able to die; living forever
mortify – to cause to feel shame and
humiliation
mortuary – place where dead bodies are
prepared for burial
postmortem – done after death; analysis or
discussion done after an event
moribund – having lost all sense of purpose
or vitality; becoming obsolescent
#13 – METER
MEASURE
GREEK
meter – a measurement unit
metric – a system of measurement
kilometer – a linear measurement of 1,000
meters
thermometer – an instrument to measure
temperature
telemetry – the act of measuring distant
objects
barometer – an instrument to measure
atmospheric pressure
diameter –the measure across a circle
#14 – TELE
FAR
GREEK
television – sees distant broadcasts
telephone – hears distant sounds
telegraph – receives writing from far away
telescope – instrument to see distant
objects
telecommute – to work from home with an
electronic link to the workplace
telepathy – ability to know how someone
far away is feeling
teleport - to transport a person or object
across a distance instantaneously
#15 – MICR
SMALL
GREEK
microcosm – a small world
microscope – instrument to look at tiny
objects
microwave – tiny electromagnetic wave
used to heat food
microfilm – tiny film to store printed
material (filmen = thin skin)
microclimate – the climate of a small,
specific place
microchip – a small electronic component
micromanage – to control all the small
details in a meddlesome manner
#16 - MACRO
LONG
GREEK
macrocosm – a large world or universe
macrobiotics – the science of prolonging
life
macronutrient – a chemical element
required in large proportion for health (ex:
oxygen)
macrochemistry – chemistry that doesn’t
require a microscope
macrobiote – one that lives a long time
macromania – a delusion that parts of the
body are bigger than they really are
macrometer – instrument to measure size
and distance
#17 – MEG
GREAT, LARGE
GREEK
mega – metric system term for million
megadont – having large teeth
megalith – large prehistoric stone
monument
megawatt – a unit of power equal to one
million watts
megalopolis – a very large city
megalomania – a mental illness defined by
fantasies of great wealth and power
megabyte - unit of computer memory (one
million bytes)
#18 – MAGN
GREAT , LARGE
LATIN
magnify – to make larger; to intensify
magnitude – physical greatness (as in
earthquakes)
magnate – a person of large wealth
magnificent – splendor; richness, greatness
magnanimous – great-hearted; generous
magnanimity – the quality of generosity or
kindness
magnum – a large bottle
#19 - AUTO
SELF
GREEK
automatic – having the ability to start,
move, etc. by itself (independently or
involuntarily)
automobile – a self-moving vehicle
autobiography – a self-written life story
autopilot – system to guide a vehicle
without assistance
autopsy – self-observation of the causes of
another person’s death
autocrat – one person who holds all power
for himself
autonomy – self-contained; no outside
control
#20 - HOM
SAME
GREEK
homonym – same name or word (same
spelling and pronunciation) ex: left
homograph – same writing/spelling, ex: live
homophone – same sound (pronunciation)
ex: sea/see
homicide – the killing of one of the same
species (man)
hominid – any in the family of two-legged
primates, living or extinct
homogeneous – of the same kind of nature,
structure, quality, etc.
homogenize – to make uniform in texture,
mixture, or quality (as in milk)
#21 – GEO
EARTH
GREEK
geography – to draw and write about the
earth
geology – the study of the earth
geometry – ways to measure the earth
geocentric – measured from the center of
the earth
geode – a cavity lined with minerals or
crystals in the center of a rock
geomorphic – relating to the form of the
earth
geodynamics – the forces and processes
within the earth
#22 – TERR
LAND
LATIN
terrestrial – relating to land
extraterrestrial – outside the earth’s
atmosphere (extra = outside or beyond)
terrace – a raised platform of earth
territory – land under someone’s control
terra cotta – “cooked earth” is a type of
fired clay pottery
Mediterranean Sea – literally, “the sea in
the middle of the land”
subterranean – under the earth or land
#23 – CHRON
TIME
GREEK
Chronos – the ancient Greek god of time
synchronize – to occur at the same time
(verb)
synchronous – existing or occurring at the
same time (adj.)
chronometer – an instrument to precisely
measure time
chronology – the relating of events in time
sequence
chronic – over a period of time; habitual
chronicle – a record of events in order of
time
#24 – TEMPOR
TIME
LATIN
temporary – for a limited time
contemporary – with the times; modern
tempo – time in music; the rate of speed at
which music moves
tense (from the French “temps”) – verb
forms which indicate past, present, and
future
extemporaneous – improvised due to lack
of time
pro tem – for the time being; for now
temporal – limited by time; earthly life
#25 – AQU
WATER
LATIN
aquatic – living or growing in water
aquifer – a layer under earth where water
flows
aqueduct – a pipe or channel that brings
water
aquarium – a tank of water to hold marine
creatures
aquamarine – the blue-green color of water
semiaquatic – spending some time in water
aqueous – made from water
#26 – HYDR
WATER
GREEK
hydrology – the study of water
hydrant – an upright pipe to draw water for
firefighting
dehydrate – to remove water
hydroplane – to skim the surface of the
water
hydraulics – the use of water in driving
machinery
hydrothermal – relating to hot water (as in
a hot spring)
hydrosphere – the water vapor in the
atmosphere
#27 – PHOT/PHOS
LIGHT
GREEK
photograph – picture drawn by light
telephoto – light from far away
photometer – device that measures light
phototropic – turning towards the light
photophilia – love of light
photophobia – fear or dislike of light
photosynthesis – process of putting things
together by using light
(syn – together, thesis – to put)
#28 – THERM
HEAT, WARM
GREEK
thermal – relating to heat
thermometer – instrument to measure heat
endothermic – relates to process that
absorbs heat (in)
exothermic – relates to process that
releases heat (out)
thermostat – instrument to regulate heat
hyperthermia – condition in which body
temperature is above normal temperature
hypothermia – condition in which body
heat is below normal temperature
#29 - SOL
SUN OR COMFORT
LATIN
solar – relating to the sun
solar system – a star (sun) with the objects
that revolve around it
solar energy – energy derived from the sun
in the form of solar radiation
solar flare – a sudden, temporary outburst
of energy from the sun
solarium – a place for the sun; sunroom
parasol – umbrella used to protect from sun
solstice – two times of the year when the
sun is at greatest distance from Equator
(the “standing still” of the sun)
#30 - LUN
MOON
LATIN
Luna – the ancient Roman goddess
personifying the moon
lunar – relating to the moon
lunar eclipse – when the moon is behind
the earth’s shadow
lunacy – insanity, supposedly influenced by
the moon
lunatic – one who suffers from lunacy; an
insane person
lunate – shaped like a crescent
interlunar – the time between old and new
moon when moon cannot be seen
#31 - ASTR
STAR
GREEK
aster – a star-shaped flower
astronomer – one who names the stars
asteroid – in the form of a star; small body
that revolves around the sun
astral – relating to the stars
astronaut – “star sailor”; one who travels
beyond the earth’s atmosphere
disaster – separation from the good
influences of the stars
catastrophe - an event of great calamity or
misfortune
#32 - STELL
STAR
LATIN
stellar – relating to the stars; exceptional
(as in a performance)
interstellar – between the stars
circumstellar – revolving around a star
stelliform – star-shaped
constellation – a group of stars
stellate – resembling a star
#33 – MANU
HAND
LATIN
manual – done with one’s hands
manuscript – document written by hand
manifest – seen at hand; obvious
manacles - handcuffs
manipulate – to move with one’s hands
manicure – care for the hands
manufacture – to make by hand
#34 – PED
FOOT
LATIN
pedal – a foot lever
pedestrian – one who walks (on feet)
pedestal – a footed column
peddle – to sell things by walking around
pedometer – instrument to measure the
distance walked
pedicure – care for the feet
quadruped – a four-footed being
#35 – PORT
CARRY OR GATE
LATIN
report – to carry back (and tell)
transport – to carry across
portage – to carry watercraft over land to
avoid river obstacles
portable – able to be carried
portal – an entrance to carry things through
import – to carry in
portfolio – a flat case in which to carry
things
#36 - MITT
SEND
LATIN
admit – to allow to enter; to agree as true
emit – to send out
submit – to present to others, obey, or
suggest
commit - to do or perform; to promise; to
put into charge
permit – to allow to do something
remit – to send money
transmit – to send across a distance
#37 – TRACT
DRAW, PULL
LATIN
distract – to draw apart
contract – to draw together
subtract – to draw away underneath
attract – to draw towards
retract – to draw back
tractor – that which drags or pulls
traction – pulling or drawing (as in gripping)
#38 - PELL/PULSE
DRIVE
LATIN
compel – to drive someone into action
dispel – to drive away; to force from mind
repel – to drive back; to force or keep away
pulse – a rhythmical or driving beat or
vibration
propel – to force to move forward
impulse – sudden urge that drives someone
into action
repulsive – disgusting; tends to drive off
#39 – RUPT
BREAK
LATIN
disrupt – to break apart
abrupt – quickly broken off
rupture – a break in something
erupt – to break out
interrupt – to break between
corrupt – dishonest; lacking in integrity,
made to be inferior (to break into pieces)
bankrupt – “broke” (slang); lacking in
money or other quality
#40 - FLECT/FLEX
BEND
LATIN
flex – to bend
flexible – capable of being bent
reflect – to bend back
reflex – automatic or instinctive reaction
deflect - to turn down or aside
inflection – the “bending” of voice; the
change in tone or modulation
flexor – a muscle that bends a joint when it
contracts
#41 – PAN
ALL
GREEK
Pan - god of fields, forests, and flocks in
Greek mythology
panorama – complete view of whole area
panacea – universal cure for all illness
pantomime – to act using your whole body
pantheism – belief that nature and god are
the same entity; belief in all gods
Pantheon – temple dedicated to all gods
and goddesses (built in Ancient Rome)
pandemonium – wild disorder (the place of
all demons)
#42 - HOL
WHOLE
GREEK
holism - natural systems should be viewed
as wholes, not as collection of parts
holistic – adjective version of above
whole – containing the full amount;
undamaged
holy – worthy of complete devotion; having
a divine quality
hologram – whole 3-D image
holocaust – complete destruction by fire
#43 – CRED
BELIEF, TRUST
LATIN
credible - believable
incredible – not believable
creed – a set of principles or beliefs
discredit – to make not worthy of belief
credit – belief in the truth of something;
belief that an amount will be repaid (as in
money)
incredulous – unwilling to believe;
characterized by disbelief
sacred – related to the belief in the holiness
of something
#44 - PATH
FEEL, HURT, DISEASE
GREEK
sympathy – the feeling of being supportive
empathy – ability to understand how others
feel
pathology – medical science that studies
causes and effects of diseases
pathetic – deserving of the feeling of pity
pathogen – an organism (bacteria or virus)
that causes disease
sociopath – person with a personality
disorder who has no regard for others’
feelings
apathy – lack of interest or effort in an
activity
#45 - PSYCH
MIND
GREEK
Psyche – daughter of Eros (Cupid); the
personification of the soul in Greek myth
psychology – study of mental functions and
behaviors (PhD – behavior therapy)
psychiatry – branch of medicine for mental
or behavior disorders (MD – medicine)
psychosis – derangement of the mind
psychoanalysis – mental therapy (Freud)
psychosomatic – related to bodily illness
caused by mental disturbance
psychic – relating to the mind; sensitive to
some apparently nonphysical force