Download Physics Fall Exam Study Guide

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Physics Fall Exam Study Guide
Date
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Chapter 1
1.
Why is physics the most basic science?_______________________________________________
 What is studied in physics? ________________________________________________________
2.
Name the 5 steps of the scientific method:
a) ____________________________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________________________
c) ____________________________________________________________________________
d) ____________________________________________________________________________
e) ____________________________________________________________________________
3.
What is a fact? _________________________________________________________________
4.
What is a scientific theory?________________________________________________________
5.
What is a hypothesis? ____________________________________________________________
 How can you tell if a hypothesis is scientific? _________________________________________
6.
What is the purpose of religion ?____________________________________________________
7.
What is the purpose of art?_________________________________________________________
8.
What is the purpose of science?_____________________________________________________
Chapter 2
1.
What is a scalar quantity?________________________________________________________
2.
What is a vector quanity?_________________________________________________________
3.
If a 40 N force and a 25 N force are acting in opposite directions on an object, what is the net force
on the object? ___________________________________________________________________
4.
If a 25 N force and a 35 N force are acting in the same direction on an object, what is the net force
on the object? ___________________________________________________________________
5.
A window cleaner is on a scaffold supported by two ropes at its ends. If he weighs 160 lbs and is positioned in the middle of
the scaffold, how much weight is being supported by each rope?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6.
When stringing a rope for a zip line, will it support my weight if it is very tight or loose? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________________
7.
How do you draw the vector showing the weight of a person? _____________________________
8.
If you are pushing or pulling on a ball from opposite sides at the same angle and force, which way will the ball go. Draw
and label a diagram showing this.
Chapter 3
1.
Describe Galileo’s experiment with balls rolling down then up an incline plane:_____________
_____________________________________________________________________________
 What did he discover? ___________________________________________________________
2.
In what direction does the force friction operate? _____________________________________
3.
Does inertia apply to objects moving? ___________________ At rest? ____________________
4.
Does a moving object need force to keep in going in space? ____________________________
5.
How will the weight of an object on the earth compare with its weight on:
Jupiter? ______________________________ The moon?______________________________
6.
How will the mass of an object on the earth compare with its mass on:
Jupiter? ______________________________ The moon?______________________________
7.
How does the mass of 25 kg of gold compare to the mass of 25 kg of ping pong balls? _______
_____________________________________________________________________________
8.
When you jump off the diving board at the pool, why doesn’t the pool move away under you if the
Earth is moving 1000 mph?________________________________________________________
9.
What is inertia? _________________________________________________________________
Chapter 4
1.
What is average speed?_________________________________________________________
 What does a speedometer show? _________________________________________________
2.
What will happen if you drop a ping pong ball and a steel ball the same diameter in a vacuum
from the same height:___________________________________________________________
Why? _______________________________________________________________________
 In air?_______________________________________________________________________
 Why? ______________________________________________________________________
 How long is an athlete in the air during “hang time”? ________________________________
3.
When an object is dropped from a height on earth:
a) What happens to its velocity?____________________________________________________
b) What happens to its acceleration?_________________________________________________
c) What is the acceleration of gravity on earth? _______________________________________
d) If it drops 10 sec. what would be the distance it would drop?___________________________
e) If it drops 100 m. what would be the time it would drop?______________________________
4.
If you throw a ball vertically into the air 20 m and catch it at the same height you released it:
 What was the speed at the top of the path? _________________________________________
 Compare the velocity when you let it go and when you catch it: _________________________
 Compare the velocities half way up to half way down: ________________________________
 What is the acceleration on the ball on the way up? ______________Down? ______________
 Which way is the acceleration directed? ___________________________________________
 Does the acceleration change? ______________________________
5.
Two objects are lying on a table, on masses 3 kg and the other masses 6 kg: ?
How does the force of gravity compare between the two? _____________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6.
If a car accelerates at 3 m/s2 from a rest, how much time does it need to reach 60 m/s? ______
___________________________________________________________________________
7.
If you travel to a resort that is 280 km away and it takes 4 hours to get there, what is your average
speed? ________________________________________________________________________
Page-2
8.
Name 3 ways you can accelerate a car: a)______________________________________
Page-3
b)__________________________________ c)_______________________________________
Chapter 5
1.
When you are representing a velocity as a vector:
 What should the direction of the arrow show?_______________________________________
 How about the length of the arrow? _______________________________________________
 What kind of scale should the arrow be drawn to? ____________________________________
2.
What is a projectile? ___________________________________________________________
Give 3 examples: ___________________, ______________________, ____________________
3.
Does the horizontal component of a projectile flight change if there is no air? _____________
4.
If one ball is dropped from a given height at the same time another ball is shot horizontally with a large force. Compare
which will land first. __________________________________________
5.
At what angle will a cannon shoot a ball the furthest? ___________________________________
6.
There are 2 angles from which a cannon will shoot to the same spot. What is the one that matches an angle of 30 degrees?
___________________________________________________________
 How do you calculate it?__________________________________________________________
7.
If a projectile is launched straight up at 60 m/s, with no air resistance what speed will it land with?
_________________________ What about at an angle? _______________________________
8.
At what point in its flight is a projectile minimum speed? _________________________________
9.
How is the horizontal component of speed affected by gravity? ____________________________
 Why does an object fire horizontally in a vacuum maintain its speed? ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
10.
How does the speed of a plane vary? 100 m/s plane into a 30 m/s head wind? _________________
 100 m/s plane with a 30m/s tail wind?__________________________________________________
 100 m/s plane with a 100 m/s perpendicular side wind? ___________________________________
Chapter 6
1.
What produces acceleration?_____________________________________________________
2.
What does Newton’s 2nd law say about the relationship of mass and acceleration?___________
____________________________________________________________________________
 What 2 parts of F=ma have an inverse relationship? _______________, _________________
 What 2 parts of F=ma have an direct relationship? _______________, _________________
4.
If a 10 kg object and a 100 kg object are dropped at the same time, compare the force of gravity
acting on them: ______________________________________________________________
 If they are the same size, which will hit the ground first? _____________________________
5.
What is friction? ______________________________________________________________
 Which direction in friction oriented? _____________________________________________
 If sliding friction force on a moving object is equal to the pushing force, what will happen to the
object?______________________________________________________________________
Page-4
6.
7.
If an object is sitting on a table, what is the net force acting on it? _______________________
To push 2 objects, one with 5 times the mass of the other at the same acceleration, how hard would you need to push the 2 nd
object? ______________________________________________________
8.
What does it take to cause constant acceleration of an object? ___________________________
 What is the net force on a falling object that weights 7 N? _______________________________
 If that 7 N falling object encounters 3 N of resistance, what is the magnitude of the net force on the object?
_______________________________________________________________________
9.
What is pressure? ________________________________________________________________
 If two object weigh the same, what determines if they cause the same pressure? ____________________________
10.
If a wagon is being moved by a force and a boy suddenly jumps into the wagon so that the wagon’s mass triples, what
happens to the wagon’s acceleration? __________________________________
If the force on the wagon then tripled, what would happen to acceleration? ____________________
11.
A truck that has a mass of 3640 kg accelerates at 2m/s2. What magnitude of force is produced by the engine to accelerate this
fast? _______________________________________________________
12.
If an object that weighs 30 N is falling and encounters 15 N of wind resistance, what is the magnitude of net force on the
object?_______________________________________________________________
 Does it matter if the projectile is fired straight up or at an angle? ____________________________
13.
An airplace has a thrust force from its engine of 10,000 N that gives it an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2. What
is the mass of the airplane? ___________________________________________________________
14.
A car has a mass of 1350 kg. If the engine produces 7200 N of thrust, what will the acceleration of the
car be? ___________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 7
1.
What is Newton’s 3rd Law of motion?_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.
If an object exerts a force on an object, what does Newton’s 3 rd say will happen?____________
____________________________________________________________________________
3.
4.
Can a force exist alone? ________, How do they exist?________________________________
If a dart pistol shoots a dart: It the action is the spring against the dart, what is the reaction?
____________________________________________________________________________
5.
If a ping pong paddle hits a ball, the action is the paddle against the ball. What is the reaction force?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6.
To push 2 objects, one with 5 times the mass of the other at the same acceleration, how hard would you need to push the 2 nd
object? ______________________________________________________
7.
If gravity is pulling you into a couch, what are the two action-reaction pairs in this situation?

a_______________--________________, b_________________--_______________

If the earth is pulling a person with a force of 100 N, what is the reaction force and how hard is it?
_____________________________________________________________________
8.
Relatively speaking, how hard is the moon pulling on the earth? _________________________
Page-5
____________________________________________________________________________
9.
If two trucks, one big and weighting twice as much as the smaller truck get into a head on collision, Which truck will
have the greatest change in velocity? __________________________________
 By how much? __________________________________________________________________
 Can one object strike another with a soft enough force to have no reaction force? ____________
11.
A tow truck is pulling a car towards with a 30m cable on frictionless ice. The tow truck weighs twice as much as the car.
They will meet in a short time. How far will the car slide? ___________________
12.
Describe the action-reaction forces involved when a car hits a rock wall.____________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 8
1.
What is momentum?____________________________________________________________
 Which has more momentum, truck or car moving at the same velocity? ___________________
 Which has more momentum, truck sitting still or a moving car? _________________________
 Can a moving car have more momentum than a moving truck? __________________________
 What happens to momentum of object as velocity increases? ____________________________
2.
What is an impulse?_____________________________________________________________
 How can an impulse be changed? __________________________________________________
4.
Why is padding used for dashboards in cars? _______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5.
If a tennis racket hits a ball, compared to the force on the ball, what is the force on the racket?
_____________________________________________________________________________
6.
When is the momentum of a system conserved? ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7.
What are 4 ways a collision is considered elastic?
a) __________________________________________________________
b) __________________________________________________________
c) __________________________________________________________
d) __________________________________________________________
8.
Two blocks of the same size, but different materials are dropped from a tower. One block is 3 times as heavy as the other.
They hit at the same time, but how does momentum of the blocks compare? __________________________________
9.
If two trucks, one big and weighting twice as much as the smaller truck are moving at the same velocity down the
highway, how does the momentum of the larger truck compare with the smaller one? __________________________
10.
If a gun were made of a material so light that it was lighter than the bullet inside, what would happen when it was fired?
________________________________________________________________
11.
If bending your knees when you land after jumping lengthens the time of impact by 7 times, how much is the force of impact
reduced? _____________________________________________________
12.
If you fake throwing a heavy rock while standing on a skateboard, what will you net recoil velocity
be?.______________________________________________________________________
13.
If a 5 N rock falls to the ground, what is the rock’s impact force? ______________________________
14.
When a fighter strikes a target,?
Page-6
 How do the forces on the hand and target compare? __________________________________
 How do the times of impact on the hand and target compare? ___________________________
 How do the impulses on the hand and target compare? __________________________________
17.
If a 10 kg brick is thrown at 4.0 m/s what is the brick’s momentum? _______________________
18.
If a 5.0 kg brick has a momentum of 60 kg m/s what is the brick’s speed? ___________________
19.
If a brick is thrown at 8.0 m/s and has a momentum of 32 kg m/s what is the brick’s mass?
_____________________________________________________________________________
20.
If a soft putty and rubber ball of the same mass are dropped together from the same distance, compare the impulse of
each. Putty? _________________________ Rubber ball? _________________________________________
Chapter 9
1.
What is the formula for mechanical advantage? ________________________________________
2.
If a ramp is 3 meters tall and 12 meters long, what is its mechanical advantage? ________________
 If you roll a barrel that weighs 60N how much force will you need to use? ___________________
3.
If a pulley system has 2 support ropes, what is its mechanical advantage? ____________________
 How hard will you need to pull on the rope to lift 80N? __________________________________
4.
How much farther will a car going50 km/s skid than a car going 25 km/s when they slam on the brakes?
_________________________________________________________________________________
5.
A machines puts our 50 watts of power for every 150 watts put into it. What is the efficiency of the
machine? ______________________________________________________________________
6.
How much energy is lost when it changes from one form to another? ______________________
7.
What is the definition of power? ____________________________________________________
8.
If a rock in the sling of a ready to fire slingshot has 70 J of potential energy, what will the kinetic energy
be when it is released? _____________________________________________________
9.
A person can lift 100N a distance of 0.5m with a lever, pushing down with 20N of force. How far will
the person need to move their arms to do it? _________________________________
10.
Person A lifts a 30N box 1.5m in 2.0 sec, person B does it in 3.0 sec.
 How much work did Person A do? _____________________Person B? ___________________
 How much power did Person A use? _____________________Person B? ___________________
 How much work would person A do if they carried the box horizontally 3 meters? ___________
11.
Imagine a swinging pendulum.
 What percent of its potential energy is available at the top of the swing? ___________________
 What percent of its kinetic energy is available at the top of the swing? _____________________
 What percent of its potential energy is available at the bottom of the swing? _____________________
 What percent of its kinetic energy is available at the bottom of the swing? _____________________
12.
If momentum doubles, how much does kinetic energy increase? _____________________________
13.
If an object has kinetic energy, what must be true about it? _________________________________