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Athens Vocabulary Tribute: payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another, especially as a sign of dependence. Alliance: a union or association formed for mutual benefit, between countries. Coffers: a strongbox or small chest for holding valuables Treasury: a place or building where treasure is stored Agora: a public open space used for assemblies and markets Peloponnesian War After the battle of Salamis, the Greek city states wanted to secure their defenses against further attack So the Greek states met on the island of Delos and formed an alliance This Military Alliance is called the Delian League Since Athens was one of the most powerful city-states it became the leader of the Delian League Abuse of Power The members of the Delian league pooled their money to build ships Pericles the leader of Athens had the Delian leagues’ treasury moved to Athens and added to the king’s own coffers Athens then used this money to improve Athens by building monuments and improvements to the city When the other cities protested Athens retaliated by using force(the Delian navy) and imposing tribute upon them The Spartans and other city-states created the Peloponnesian League and fought Athens for 20 years Sparta Defeated Athens in 404 BCE Rebuilding the Acropolis http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/classicalgreece/videos/rebuildingacropolis?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false Truce and Games Collectively, the cities agreed to periods of truce to honor their gods, tend to farming or just to have fun During these truces the Greeks enjoyed competing in sporting competitions The most famous of these was the Olympics held every four years in the citystate of Olympia The games started in 776 BCE Every city would send their best athletes and the winner would received a laurel and glorify their city Athenian Society: Around the 5th century BCE Athens had 290 00 inhabitants The social organization is hierarchical There were 3 levels of society: 1) Citizens and their families 2) Metics and their families 3) Slaves These social groups were well defined and it was rare that you could go from one group to another Athenian Society: Citizens Citizens were the only one who could vote and participate in government To be a citizen one had to be: a man, have an Athenian mother and father, and have fulfilled his military service to Athens by 18 The family of a citizen belonged to the citizenry but had any political rights Only citizens could own land Some became rich and powerful but many also lived modestly or in poverty Athenian Society: Metics Metics are free foreigners Majority come from other city states but sometimes from the colonies of Greece as well They had no rights politically They were obligated to do military service and pay a special tax but otherwise they were respected and protected by laws Metics could now own land but they were artists, intellectuals, merchants and artisans Many became rich Athenian Society: Slaves Slaves were usually prisoners of war, or children of slaves (they were born into slavery). They could also be bought at slave auctions held by pirates An owner could free their slaves if they chose but it rarely happened Slaves had no rights Slaves were important to Athenian economy as they di most of the manual labour The law did protect slaves in some ways An abusive master could be punished and slaves that were mistreated to ask to be resold Athenian Society: Athenian Women Women had no political rights They mainly took care of the home and raised children They were respected since they passed citizenship to their sons Athenian women participated in religious ceremonies, went to theatre, worked and sold their goods in the Agora Education for Athenian Women and Men Girls were taught domestic tasks until 15 Citizen Males would enter elementary and gymnasium at the age of 7 and be introduced to reading, writing, art, music, physical arts, At 14 they would enter secondary education and learn science, history and philosophy They could apply to higher learning after this, usually after their military service
