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E1251
ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK
Colombia: Integrated National Adaptation Program
Fabio Arjona, Consultant
November 15, 2005
Table of Contents
A.
B.
C.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................2
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE INAP PROJECT .................................................3
IMPLEMENTATION OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES ...........................................5
A.
1.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Lending instrument
The project cost would be financed by an SPA–GEF grant in the amount of US$5.3 m, with co-financing
from: (i) GOC’s own resources (US$7.2 m); (ii) other donors (US$3.1 m); (iii) and parallel co-financing
through the Amoyá River Environmental Services Project (US$2.0 m from anticipated carbon revenues),
totaling US$17.6 m. The SPA requires that the majority of benefits translate into protection of global
biodiversity and prevention of land degradation.
2.
Project development objective and key indicators
The project development objective is to support Colombia’s efforts to define and implement specific pilot
adaptation measures and policy options to meet the anticipated impacts of climate change. These efforts will
be focused on high mountain ecosystems, insular areas, and human health concerns related to the expansion
of areas for vectors linked to malaria and dengue. All these have been identified as priority areas in the
National Communications and other studies.
Key performance indicators:
 Strengthened capability to produce and disseminate relevant climate change information through
the availability of continuous and reliable climate information of relevance to major climate change
vulnerabilities in health, mountain ecosystems, and insular areas (157 climate stations modernized).
 At least six pilot adaptation activities have been implemented and monitored, addressing
vulnerabilities to climate change in high mountain ecosystems, insular and coastal areas, and health,
including:
 Maintenance of the hydropower generation capacity, measured through sustained water regulation
of the Las Hermosas Massif in the Amoyá River watershed.
 Adaptation program designed and incorporated in regional development plans for the Las Hermosas
Massif. Positive impacts on biodiversity and land degradation documented.
 Adaptation program designed and incorporated in regional development plans for Colombia’s
Caribbean insular areas including increased management performance of key marine ecosystems
and reduced vulnerability in water supply to local communities.
 Strengthened public health program incorporating management measures to meet the increased
threats from dengue and malaria induced by climate change, resulting in a 30% reduction of malaria
and dengue morbidity by project closure.
3.
Project components
a) Making climate, climate variability, and climate change information available for the adoption of
adaptation measures and policies (total cost $3.4 m; GEF funding $1.1 m). This component seeks to
strengthen Colombia’s capabilities to produce and disseminate climate information (useful for resource
allocation and operational decision-making), in support of adaptation to climate change measures and
programs.
b) Design and implementation of an adaptation program that supports maintenance of environmental services
(including hydropower potential) in the Las Hermosas Massif in the central range of the Andes (total cost
$4.4 m; GEF funding $1.8m). The Massif is the world’s most humid high altitude moorland, a highly diverse
biotope of particular concern for climate change impacts. It is also important for potential hydropower
generation.
c) Adaptation measures in Caribbean insular areas (total cost $3.6 m; GEF funding $1.3 m). The objective of
this component is to support the implementation of physical adaptation measures in order to reduce the
vulnerability of the Caribbean insular area, especially with regard to changes in rainfall and temperature and
sea-level rise.
d) Responses to increased exposure to tropical vector-borne diseases (malaria and dengue) induced by climate
change (total cost $6.2 m; GEF funding $1.1 m). The objective of this component is to address increased
exposure to tropical vector-borne diseases (malaria and dengue) induced by climate change through the
implementation of an Early Warning System for Malaria and Dengue Surveillance and Control (EWSDM),
seeking a 30% reduction in both malaria and dengue morbidities in pilot areas.
4.
Sector issues addressed by the project
The project addresses key vulnerabilities to climate change as identified in vulnerability assessments and
other studies. The project also addresses the need for better information on climate. The project contributes to
the mainstreaming of climate concerns into the health sector and the development plans for the Las Hermosas
Massif and insular and coastal areas. Protection of the Massif will contribute to maintaining its hydropower
potential, which in turn may be used to displace carbon emission reductions from the power sector.
5.
Mainstreaming measures and policy content
Sustainability of project activities depends on the success in mainstreaming adaptation as a key element in
local and regional development plans. Policy linkages will be of use for interventions in the power sector,
disaster management, and biodiversity and water management. The close coordination sought between these
sectors will support a coherent policy support of the World Bank in Colombia.
B.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE INAP PROJECT
The environmental management plan takes into account the previously described components as well as the
project’s classification as Category B. The supported activities may have minor environmental impacts from
some on-the-ground investments. The project will make use of environmental best practices. The following
table presents environmental issues and impacts.
Component
Environmental issues and
impacts
Elements of the Environmental
Management Plan
Formulation of adaptation programs
i. Health program based on existing national
health plan, considering anticipated GCC
impacts on the incidence of malaria and
dengue.
ii. Evaluation of GCC impacts on high
Due to the characteristics of
this component, based on the
definition of action programs
and
on
the
scientific
evaluation of aspects related
to climate change in high
Key elements of the detailed
formulation and design of sitespecific adaptation interventions
are the identification of potential
environmental and social impacts,
their characterization, and the
Component
mountain ecosystems and Colombia’s
Caribbean insular areas.
Environmental issues and
impacts
mountain areas, no direct or
indirect
negative
environmental effect is likely
to
arise
during
the
implementation
of
this
component.
Elements of the Environmental
Management Plan
definition of specific actions to
improve, prevent, and control
adverse outcomes. There are no
institutional capacity issues as
most participating agencies are
associated with or are regional
environmental
authorities.
Colombia’s
environmental
regulations are adequate for the
expected impacts.
Implementation of pilot adaptation measures
(i) Identification of pilot adaptation options
(ii) Preparation of cost benefit analysis for
applicable options
(iii) Development of implementation strategy
(iv) Implementation
of
pilot
adaptation
measures. The pilot measures may include:
A - Pilot adaptation program in Las
Hermosas Massif
B - Pilot adaptation program in Colombia’s
Caribbean insular area
C - Adaptation program for the energy
sector, incorporating the changes in
rainfall patterns and the reduction of
natural water reserves in high mountain
areas as result of projected GCC.
Impacts are localized and
limited to the sites where
each pilot measure for
climate change adaptation is
implemented. In all cases the
impact is positive because the
measures are aimed at
mitigating identified and
documented problems caused
by GCC impacts, favoring
environmental best practices.
During pilot implementation INAP
has chosen to assure safeguard
compliance through a well defined
and detailed monitoring plan.
Given the small size of the
proposed interventions, and their
pilot or experimental nature, the
country’s existing standards and
procedures are rated acceptable
and in agreement with the Bank’s
OP 4.01.
Community involvement should be
sought, not only to disclose the
environmental
and
social
assessments, but as a means to
improve the accountability of those
implementing the pilots. Adequate
reporting of all social and
environmental
activities
with
community
involvement
is
encouraged.
Monitoring and evaluation systems
INAP will support the design and implementation
of the corresponding monitoring and evaluation
systems in order to analyze the effectiveness of
the adaptation measures adopted under the
project framework.
No significant impacts are
expected
because
this
component will only monitor
and evaluate the measures
taken and will not have any
direct or indirect effect on the
environment.
It is recommended that the M&E
system
specifically
include
environmental indicators to assess
pilot environmentally induced
impacts, most of which are
expected to be positive.
Taking into account the potential environmental impacts, the following table summarizes the environmental
management for each component.
Component
Description
Component 1
- Making
climate,
climate
variability,
and climate
change
information
available for
adoption of
adaptation
measures
and policies.
Improving
IDEAM’s
technical and scientific
capacity to produce
relevant climate change
information,
including
timely
and
reliable
forecasts tailored to
decision-makers.
This
will be undertaken by (i)
Analysis of modeling of
climate
and
its
variability;
(ii)
Preparation
and
publication of reports on
the incidence of GCC in
Colombia
;
(iii)
Dissemination
of
knowledge on GCC.
Development of local
climate change scenarios
to support selection of
adaptation
measures.
The activity supported
under this subcomponent
includes the elaboration
of GCC scenarios.
Field interventions
None
None
Environmental negative
issues
No
environmental
impact
expected as consequence of this
subcomponent.
This
component provides the basis
for environmental planning and
management incorporating the
impacts from GCC.
No
environmental
impact
expected as consequence of this
subcomponent.
This subcomponent will support the
monitoring process by reducing
the uncertainty levels related to
GCC impacts.
Environmental control
measures
N.A.
N.A.
Monitoring
This component will
guide the monitoring
design of the system.
Monthly
reports.
progress
*Monthly
reports.
progress
Complement
and
strengthen
existing
climate data network of
relevance to climate
change by supporting
equipment renovation
Selected stations will be
upgraded for monitoring
GCC
variables
and
integrated into the climate
reference
network.
Specific
activities
include: (i) Upgrade and
calibrate equipment of
selected stations; (ii)
Evaluation and processing
information
on
temperature and rainfall.
(iii) Verification and
processing of information
generated by reference
network.
Technical upgrading will be
done on existing stations thus
not causing additional physical
footprint. Data collected by
updated network will improve
the production of climate
information
required
for
decision making.
Adequate disposal of used
parts.
All solid waste will be
collected
and
disposed
following best practices –
using approved landfills.
*Monthly
progress
report
*Certification
of
adequate disposal of
used parts
Mainstreaming
GCC
information
into
ecosystem planning and
management
in Las
Hermosas Massif for
maintenance
of
ecosystem
services,
including
hydropower
potential
None
No negative environmental
impacts are expected as
consequence
of
this
subcomponent.
On
the
contrary, it will help to reduce
vulnerability
through
mainstreaming
GCC
information
into
planning
processes.
Land use plans will include
better information related to
probable future climate
scenarios. This will allow
for
improved
decision
making of preservation of
selected ecosystems and on
the intensity of land uses.
*Progress reports
*Monitoring protocol
*Updated
Park
Management
Plan
incorporating climate
change scenarios.
Component 2
- Adoption of
an
adaptation
program in
the Las
Hermosas
Massif in the
central range
of the Andes
Reduction of adverse
impacts
on
water
regulation in the Amoyá
watershed of importance
for hydropower potential
of the Amoya project.
Adaptive
land-use
planning models.
Specific measures being
considered include: (i)
conservation of natural
vegetation of riparian
belts along side streams;
(ii) conservation and
recovery of soil cover in
the Amoya watershed to
maintain capture
of
horizontal precipitation,
and carbon storage in the
soil; and, (iii) adoption of
a management program
to prevent and mitigate
activities
(including
fires) that would further
reduce water retention
capability in the soil.
Other activities under the
Amoya project include:
(iv) providing incentives
for restoration of natural
habitat;
and
(vi)
strengthening protection
for mega fauna in the
area.
No negative environmental
impacts are expected as a
consequence of this
subcomponent. Some positive
environmental impacts are
expected, including:
maintenance of water
regulation ability of importance
for hydropower generation;
Reduction of frequency of
induced fires in selected pilot
areas of Las Hermosas Massif.
Flora and fauna of global
importance are expected to
improve ecological conditions
leading to stable populations in
the Massif (as measured
through selected indicators and
a few emblematic species);
Characteristics of Paramo area
in pilot areas of Las Hermosas
Massif (i.e. soil covered by
unique high altitude flora of
global importance) is expected
to be recovered.
The strengthening of the
buffer zone will be done
through
voluntary
agreements
with
land
holders.
Riparian water course belts
reduce erosion and siltation,
and provide habitat for wild
life. Only native flora will be
used.
This will be done in
coordination with Parks
Unit.
Fire control would be done
through training and active
involvement
of
the
community.
Fire control
access roads and paths will
minimize their impacts at
water crossings and in
ecological sensitive areas.
Strict
environmental
guidelines will be used.
*Progress reports;
*Application
of
monitoring protocol
under Sub-component
1.
*Surveys conducted at
least yearly. Reported
yearly.
*The component will
also be monitored
under the monitoring
protocol agreed under
the Amoya River
Environmental
Services.
*Development
and
implementation
of
wildfire
reporting
protocols
and
procedures.
Annual
reports.
This activity of planning nature
will not cause any negative
environmental impact.
Land use plans will include
better information related to
probable future climate
scenarios. This will allow
for
improved
decision
making of preservation of
selected ecosystems and on
the intensity of land uses.
*Progress reports
*Adoption of Land
Use
Plans
incorporating
GCC
information, in at least
2 municipalities.
Improvement
of
productive
agroecosystems
in
high
altitude
moorland
“paramo” and subparamo area of Las
Hermosas Massif.
Component 3
- Adoption of
an
adaptation
program in
the
Colombian
Caribbean
Insular
Areas
Subcomponent
1
–
Mainstreaming
GCC
information into key
sectors for decisionmaking
processes,
including those related
with climate change, in
Colombian
Caribbean
Insular
Areas
(INVEMAR):
Subcomponent
2
Integrated
water
resources management.
Enhance the availability
of fresh water in the
Caribbean insular areas,
as well as contribute to
its more efficient use
(Coralina);
This will be achieved
through
pilot
interventions in extensive
cattle raising areas (with
associated grass burning)
which would be changed
to intensive cattle raising
practices,
grass
cultivation,
and
ecosystem restoration.
Acquisition, installation,
training, operation and
maintenance of air-ocean
automatic
monitoring
stations and the creation
of a Center of Data
Administration
The main activities under
this
component
are
related to rain harvesting
water supply systems for
small
communities
(around 20 families per
community)
without
access to piped water.
Only three communities
are being targeted at this
pilot stage.
Adapted
and
sustainable
agricultural
practices
will
replace existing activities with
net environmental benefits.
Reduction of socioeconomic
vulnerability of population
through the introduction of
enhanced productive systems
resilient to GCC impacts.
Capacity
building
and
knowledge exchange processes
will be ensured in order to
disseminate
results,
and
formulation of replication
strategy in other areas with
similar environment.
Buoys and structures to be
located
in
environmental
sensitive areas.
Maintenance and operational
site visits might impact
sensitive ecosystems.
Most expected environmental
impacts are positive, as the rain
water will be stored, treated,
used and disposed of in
environmentally
sound
structures
(septic
tanks,
infiltration fields and additional
treatment required to protect
the underlying aquifer).
Use of best environmental
practices. Emphasis on:
reduced land degradation
practices; adequate use and
disposal of agrochemicals;
reduce direct cattle access to
water courses; use of native
species; reduce / eliminate
slash & burnt practices;
improve water usage.
* Progress reports;
Site location for the stations
will be selected given due
consideration to potential
impacts
on
sensitive
ecosystems.
Site inspection for O&M
will follow environmental
guidelines.
* Progress reports
Use
of
appropriate
environmental
guidelines
during construction;
Disposal of construction
debris will follow upgraded
guidelines for insular areas,
under preparation;
Periodic monitoring of water
use and wastewater disposal
*Progress reports
*Field surveys,
laboratory testing,
Photographs
*Application
of
monitoring protocol
under Sub-component
1.
*Economic
assessment
of
traditional and new
land use practices to
be conducted at MTR
and EOP.
* Site inspections
reports including
environmental
observations.
*Supervision missions
*Monitoring reports
on water quality and
quantity;
*Effectiveness
and
social impacts of pilot
projects
will
be
assessed at MTR and
EOP.
Component 4
- Responses
to
the
increased
exposure to
tropical
vector-borne
diseases
(malaria and
dengue)
induced by
climate
change
Subcomponent
3
Marine Protected Areas.
Support
the
implementation of the
marine protected areas
system in the Seaflower
reserve as well as in the
CRSBeIF in order to
contribute
to
the
conservation of marine
ecosystems;
Demarcation of protected
areas;
Demarcations of no entry
/ no take areas.
Measures to effectively protect
existing marine protected areas
and exclude all access to
selected sites are also included
in the project.
Development
and
implementation
of
an
enforcement strategy wit the
fishing community.
Subcomponent
4
Integrated
Coastal
Management. Reduce the
vulnerability of economic
activities, infrastructure,
population living close to
the coast, and beaches in
the face of GCC impacts.
Pilot activities to be
defined
with
the
community.
All activities envisioned
are small scale low
environmental
impacts
measures.
No negative environmental
impacts are expected.
Use
best
practice
environmental guidelines (to
be included in OM)
Subcomponent
1:
Design of the DMEWS.
Subcomponent
2:
Strengthening
institutional capacity.
Subcomponent
3:
Implementation
and
operation.
Subcomponent
4:
Monitoring, evaluation
and system readjustment.
Targeted vector control
measures;
Reduced, more effective
use of insecticides;
Water ponds control.
No significant environmental
impact expected;
Use of insecticides always a
risk to human health.
Entomological surveys to
guide
vector
control
measures;
Updating and implementing
guidelines and procedures
for
buying,
storing,
transporting, and applying
insecticides;
Training.
*Monitoring reports
on coral health and
socioeconomic
impacts
of
conservation
measures;
*Monitoring
biophysical parameters
that are indicators of
climate change and
ecosystem health; and,
*Socioeconomic
assessment
(effectiveness,
incomes, enforcement;
community
perceptions) at MTR
and EOP.
*Progress reports
*Monitoring – regular
and
special
monitoring of coastal
erosion, ecosystems,
and
beaches,
including
beach
profiling
Detailed monitoring
system developed for
this component;
Progress reports;
Malaria and Dengue
surveillance
and
control
reporting
system implemented;
Independent surveys;
Supervision missions.
C.
IMPLEMENTATION OF WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES
Figure No. 1 shows World Bank Safeguard Policies, divided into environmental and social issues and those
dealing especially with more legal aspects. The cross-cutting public dissemination policy applies to all other
policies. However, some policies have specific requirements for dissemination and public consultation.
As shown in Figure No. 1 and expressed in subsection B “ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE
INAP PROJECT,” the safeguard policies Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), and Natural Habitat (OP
4.04) will be triggered by the project. As a preventive measure, project development observes the Cultural
Property (OPN 4.11) policy. However, it is highly unlikely that the project activities will activate the latter
safeguard policy. In general, the project is expected to result in no major adverse environmental impacts
expected as a result of this project. Minor environmental impacts might be expected from some on the ground
investments as described in the table above. The project is designed to be entirely positive from an
environmental point of view, particularly by protecting vulnerable ecosystems from the impact of GCC.
Should any project activity affect an environmental component, this effect is expected to be minimal due to
the nature of the activities and to the objectives of the project. In this case, the country’s environmental
legislation is well able to cover these contingencies with the aim of preventing any minor effect.
Safeguard Policies
Environmental Policies
• OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment
• OP 4.04 Natural Habitats
• OP 4.36 Forests
• OP 4.09 Pest Control
• OP 4.39 Dam Safety
Legal Policies
• OP 7.60 Disputed Areas
• OP 7.50 International Waters
Social Safeguards
• OD 4.30 Involuntary Resettlement
• OD 4.20 Indigenous Peoples
• OP 4.11 Cultural Property
More information: World Bank Web site
Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook
Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (and updates)
WB Participation Sourcebook (1996)
Electronic Resettlement Guidebook
BP 17.50 Public Information Policy
Figure No. 1: World Bank Safeguard Policies
Project
Cycle
4