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Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour GH2/Napp Do Now: “Since the Middle Ages, Italy had been a collection of provinces, small kingdoms, and city-states rather than one nation. From the early to the mid-1800s, much of Italy was ruled by Austria. The pope controlled the portion of central Italy in which Rome is located. In the 1830s, the voice of a young nationalist leader began to be heard. Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy. It was a secret society that called for the unification of Italy under a representative government. Mazzini stirred up revolts in several cities. They were quickly put down by the authorities. Mazzini fled to France. He continued to promote unification efforts with his writings from Switzerland and England. Mazzini has been called the ‘soul’ of Italian unification.” Identify three significant facts from the passage. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Notes: I. A Collection of Kingdoms A. Since Middle Ages, Italy was a collection of kingdoms and city-states B. From the early to mid-1800s, much of Italy was ruled by Austria C. The Pope controlled central Italy II. Giuseppe Mazzini A. Founded Young Italy 1- Secret society for the unification of Italy B. Stirred up revolts but quickly put down 1- Fled but continued to write 2- “Soul” of Italian unification III. Giuseppe Garibaldi A. Worked with Mazzini and exiled B. “Sword” of Italian unification 1- Organized an army for unification 2- Called Red Shirts IV. Count Cavour A. Made prime minister by King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia and Piedmont B. Provoked a war with Austria C. Garibaldi’s armies moved south to north D. By 1871, unification had been achieved 1- Pope’s territory reduced to Vatican Questions: 1- Define nationalism. 2- Describe the Italian peninsula in the Middle Ages. 3- State three significant facts about Giuseppe Mazzini. 4- State three significant facts about Giuseppe Garibaldi. 5- Who were the Red Shirts 6- State three significant facts about Count Cavour. 7- Critical Thinking Question: How was the unification of Italy similar to the unification of Germany? 8- Critical Thinking Question: How was the unification of Italy different than the unification of Germany? 9- Critical Thinking Question: Why was the Pope’s territory independent of the country of Italy? 10- Critical Thinking Question: Why did the Italian people want unification? Excerpt adapted from ohio.edu “Victor Emmanuel II was the first king of a united Italy and the last king of PiedmontSardinia.” “Give me the ready hand rather than the ready tongue.” ~Giuseppe Garibaldi “I offer neither pay, nor quarters, nor food; I offer only hunger, thirst, forced marches, battles and death. Let him who loves his country with his heart, and not merely with his lips, follow me.” ~Giuseppe Garibaldi Complete the following graphic organizer from phschool.com Mazzini: Garibaldi: Italian Unification Victor Emmanuel II: Cavour Look at the images below: Explain the meaning of the cartoons in the space below: Multiple-Choice Questions: 1. The unification of Italy and the unification of Germany show that (1) socialism was an effective way of organizing the economy (2) nationalism could be used to consolidate political interests (3) colonialism could be used to spread European civilization (4) interdependence was a significant obstacle to waging war 2. The unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck demonstrates the (1) influence of Marxist ideology (2) impact of nationalism (3) force of civil disobedience (4) power of democratic ideals 3. Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of AustriaHungary and of the Ottoman Empire? (1) imperialism (3) liberalism (2) nationalism (4) socialism 4. One reason Italy and Germany were not major colonial powers in the 16th and 17th centuries was that they (1) had self-sufficient economies (2) lacked political unity (3) rejected the practice of imperialism (4) belonged to opposing alliances