Download Biology Chapter 2 Test Review Questions

Biology Chapter 2 Test Review Questions
1. List the six most common elements found in living things?
Which of these is in all organic compounds? Sulfur, Phosphorus,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen
CARBON in all organic compounds
2. What is the most abundant compound found in living things?
What is the formula for this compound? Water (2-hydrogens
and 1- oxygen)
3. What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? Ionic
Bonds transfer electrons and create ions oppositely charged that
attract. Covalent bonds share electrons. (broken bonds release
energy)
4. The pH scale measures the concentration of _H+___ ion in
solution? Acids are the numbers _0-6_________ on the pH scale
and contain high concentrations of _H+____ ion. Bases are the
numbers _8-14______ on the pH scale and contain high
concentrations of _-OH____ ion. Neutral on the pH scale is
__7___ and this means there is equal concentrations of H+ and
–OH ions.
5. Where does the energy for life processes come from? Breaking
down the covalent bonds in the foods we eat. C-H bonds
6. What class of organic compound is a monosaccharide? And name
an example of a monosaccharide? Carbohydrate, Glucose
7. What is the function of carbohydrates? Main source of energy for
all living things
8. What are the functions of proteins? Fight Disease, Control Rate
of reactions and regulate cell processes, Build tissues and bone
9. Proteins are made up of __Amino________ _Acids_________.
Carbohydrates are made up of _Glucose___________ monomers.
Lipids are made up of __Glycerol___________ and Fatty acids.
Nucleic Acids (DND/RNA) are made up of __Nucleotides
(Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base ( A,T,G,C).
10.
The four major classes of organic compounds are
_Carbohydrates___________, _Proteins_______________,
_Lipids______________, and _Nucleic
Acids_(DNA/RNA)______________.
11.
What process would form a polysaccharide? What process
would break down a polysaccharide? Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis
12.
How can you account for the great number, size and
complexity of organic compounds? All organic compounds have
the element carbon that needs to share 4 valence electrons to be
stable. Therefore carbon readily bonds with other elements to
form Rings, Chains, and Branches, accounting for the great size,
number and complexity of organic compounds.
13.
Compare enzyme activity to a lock and key?
The enzyme has an active site which symbolizes the lock
and the key would be the substrate that fits into the active site of the
enzyme. Without a perfect match, the chemical reaction cannot occur.
Likewise, without the right key, the lock cannot open.
14.
Explain how chemistry is related to living things?
All living things are made up of chemical compounds, both simple
and complex. Everything that happens within an organism is based
on chemical reactions.
15. Explain what happens to an enzyme that gets too hot?
Enzymes that get too hot loose their three dimensional structure
(Denature) and will no longer react with the substrate to speed up
chemical reactions. (Melt the lock and the key will not work)