Download 1. Unit 6 Lesson 1 Notes 1

Unit 6 Lesson 1 Notes 1
1. Unit 6 Lesson 1 Notes 1
1.1 Unit 6 Lesson 1 Notes 1
Notes:
Unit 6 Lesson 1 Notes 1
The Beginning of the Cold War
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.2 What You Will Learn
Notes:
What You Will Learn:
What the Cold War was in terms of political and military hostility between the United
States and the Soviet Union.
The differences between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The division and conflict in Germany after World War II.
Policies the United States established to combat the spread of communism in the world.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.3 Let’s Review
Notes:
Let's Review:

World War II ended in 1945.

The Allied Powers were the Soviet Union, France, Great Britain, and the United
States.

Conflict is opposing viewpoints, a serious disagreement or argument.

The Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference showed the growing division
between the United States and the Soviet Union as the Allied powers decided
how to divide Europe after World War II.

The United States government was a democracy. A democracy is a government
ruled by the people.

Communism is a political and economic system where all decisions are made by
the government.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.4 The Cold War
Notes:
The Cold War:
What is it?
A cold war is a conflict of ideas that does not include actual military combat. The Cold
War, as we talk about it in the United States, was the state of hostility between the
United States and the Soviet Union, or USSR, that had no direct military conflict.
When was it?
The Cold War began immediately following World War II in 1945 and lasted until 1991!
That is five decades or 50 years of conflict! Let's look at how these two sides differed.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.5 Sides in the Cold War:
Notes:
The Sides in the Cold War: The United States
The United States government was a democracy ruled by the people. The United States
worked with Western Europe because Western Europe like the United States was a
democracy. To make this more official, the US was part of an alliance of democratic
countries known as NATO or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization which formed in
1949. Remember, an alliance is an agreement between countries to protect each other
if one country is attacked. The US was also one of the five members of the United
Nations Security Council which is the executive branch of the United Nations. Now, let's
take a look at the Soviet Union.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.6 Sides of the Cold War:
Notes:
Sides of the Cold War: The Soviet Union:
The Soviet Union, or the USSR had a communist government. Communism is a political
and economic system where all decisions are made by the government. Like the United
States, the Soviet Union worked with countries that had a similar government. These
countries were mainly in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union joined with these countries
in an alliance known as the Warsaw Pact which formed in 1955. Like the United States,
the Soviet Union was one of the five members of the United Nations Security Council.
You may have noticed that the Soviet Union was controlling Eastern Europe while the
US was working with Western Europe. This caused a divide known as the Iron Curtain.
Let's learn more about this.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.7 The Iron Curtain
Notes:
The term Iron Curtain was first used by the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, to
describe the division between democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern
Europe. Take a moment to look at the map. The countries in red are the communist
countries that were part of the Warsaw Pact and led by the Soviet Union. The countries
in blue are the democratic countries that were aligned with the United States in the
NATO alliance.
Post-war Germany was one of the first places where conflict stirred between the United
States and the Soviet Union. Let's check this out.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.8 The Division of Germany
Notes:
The Division of Germany:
As part of the Potsdam Conference, the Allied Powers of World War II decided to divide
Germany into four occupation zones after the war ended. An occupation zone is an area
controlled by another country's military. In 1948 Germany and the capital of Berlin were
divided into four occupation zones. Each of the four Allied Powers got a zone. In 1948
France, Great Britain and the US rejoined their sections of Germany, but the Soviet
Union refused to rejoin their section. The result of the Soviet Union's decision was the
creation of two separate countries; Communist East Germany and Democratic West
Germany. The capital of Berlin remained divided as well. Let's see what this looked like.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.9 The Division of Germany
Notes:
So let's look at the division of Germany. The green area in the upper left was occupied
by Great Britain. France occupied the blue area on the bottom left with the US in
orange on the lower right. Finally the Soviet Union controlled the large red territory on
the right. Remember in 1948 Great Britain, France and the US joined all their sections to
create West Germany. The area controlled by the Soviet Union did not unite with the
rest of Germany and became East Germany. If you look in the red area you see the
capital of Berlin. This too was divided into four sections. Just like the rest of Germany
the three parts united with West Germany while the area controlled by the Soviet Union
became part of East Germany. Do you see a problem here? West Berlin was part of
West Germany but was completely surrounded by East Germany. This led to a conflict
known as the Berlin Airlift. Let's learn more about this.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.10 The Berlin Airlift
Notes:
The Berlin Airlift
Remember that both the country and the capital of Germany were divided. Berlin was
located completely in East Germany but West Berlin was part of West Germany. In 1948
the Soviet Union closed off all roads to West Berlin to force West Berlin to join East
Germany. The United States and its allies began a year long effort to drop supplies into
West Germany. This was the Berlin Airlift. For 327 days supplies such as food, clothing
and even Christmas gifts were dropped into West Berlin. The Berlin Airlift was a huge
success and in May 1949 the Soviet Union lifted the block of West Berlin. What have
learned a lot about the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Let's take a second look.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.11 The Sides of the Cold War
Notes:
Let's take a second look at the sides of the Cold War. The United States had a
democratic government while the Soviet Union was communist. The US was part of the
alliance known as NATO and the Soviet Union led the Warsaw Pact. The US worked with
Western Europe and the Soviet Union controlled Eastern Europe. Both countries were
members of the UN Security Council. In Germany, the US aligned with West Germany
and West Berlin while the Soviet Union controlled East Germany and East Berlin. You
can see why many called the Cold War a battle between East and West!
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.12 United States Policy in the Cold War
Notes:
The Cold War led the United States to make a lot of policies to try to stop the spread
communism. Let's learn more about the Central Intelligence Agency or CIA, Truman
Doctrine, Containment, The Marshall Plan and the Eisenhower Doctrine. Let's first look
at the CIA.
1.13 CIA
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
Notes:
The CIA is the Central Intelligence Agency established in 1947. The purpose of the CIA
was to investigate and collect intelligence on enemies of the United States. Intelligence
means information. The CIA carried out spy missions on the Soviet Union and other
enemy nations. Spying is secretly watching and listening to other people's and/or
country's business. Now let's learn about the Truman Doctrine.
1.14 The Truman Doctrine
Notes:
Harry Truman was the President of the United States from 1945 to 1953. In 1947
President Truman created a plan to stop communists from gaining control of Greece and
Turkey. The US hoped that by giving money to Greece and Turkey it would prevent a
communist takeover of both countries. The plan to provide economic and military aid to
Greece and Turkey worked and become known as the Truman Doctrine. Now, let's
learn about the policy of Containment.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.15 Containment
Notes:
The success of the Truman Doctrine led President Truman to adopt the policy of
Containment. Containment had two main points. First the United States would not try
to get rid of communism where it already existed. So it would not try to change any
existing communist governments. Instead, the US would focus all its efforts on
preventing the spread of communism. The US would do this through financial aid and
military conflicts. Some ways in which the policy of Containment has been implemented
were The Marshall Plan (1947-1951), The Korean War (1950-1953), the Vietnam War
(1965-1973), the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)and the Afghanistan Civil War (1979-1989.)
The Marshall Plan was one way the US fought communism through financial aid. Let's
look more into the Marshall Plan.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.16 The Marshall Plan
Notes:
The Marshall Plan ran from 1947 to 1951. The goal of the Marshall Plan was to stop
communism from spreading in Europe as a result of the damage of World War II. The
US offered aid to any country to help rebuild after World War II. The Marshall Plan was
a big success. 17 nations participated and the US gave over $13 billion in aid. The US
even extended the offer to the Soviet Union, however they declined the money.
Another example of money being given to prevent the spread of communism was the
Eisenhower Doctrine. Let's look into this policy.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.17 The Eisenhower Doctrine
Notes:
Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States was in office from 1953
to 1961 President Eisenhower led the forces in the invasion of Normandy in World
War II prior to becoming president. President Eisenhower put The Eisenhower
Doctrine in place in 1957, which extended the Marshall Plan financial and military aid
to the Middle East, to prevent spread of communism. Let's take a look at the Middle
East.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
1.18 The Middle East
Notes:
The Middle East is South of Europe It includes countries such as Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Saudi
Arabia, Turkey and Israel. You can see Greece in the upper left hand corner. Greece is
part of Europe.
1.19 Let’s Review
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com
Notes:
Let's Review
The Truman Doctrine was in 1947. The US gave financial and military aid to Greece and
Turkey to prevent the spread of communism. Containment was the US policy to prevent
the spread of communism and was used to get involved in the Korean and Vietnam
Wars. The Marshall Plan was from 1947 to 1951 and is where the US gave $13 billion in
aid to European nations to rebuild after World War II. It was used to prevent the spread
of communism. The Eisenhower Doctrine was in 1957 when President Eisenhower gave
financial aid to Middle Eastern countries to prevent the spread of communism.
Published by Articulate® Storyline
www.articulate.com