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Science 10 Outcomes 115-2 Weather Dynamics Notes 5 – Heat Transfer Heat Thermal energy is the energy of motion of particles—such as atoms, ions, and molecules—in a substance. Heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another. How does this energy of motion of particles in the Sun travel through empty space to Earth? Methods of Heat Transfer (pg 422 – 424) Conduction Conduction is the mechanism of heat transfer in which highly energetic particles collide with less energetic particles, giving them some energy. Convection Convection is the mechanism of heat transfer in which highly energetic particles move from one place to another. This motion creates convection currents. Radiation Radiation is the mechanism of heat transfer in which particles emit electromagnetic waves. These waves carry the energy through space and deposit it only when they interact with some form of matter. Heating the air Solar radiation is the principle source of energy for heating land and water. However, if the absorption of solar energy were the only source of energy for heating air, the air would be extremely cold. What heats the air? Do Investigation 7 to find out.