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Download Appendix A: Plant Descriptions The following descriptions were
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Appendix A: Plant Descriptions The following descriptions were elicited from several expert informants after we conducted our study. They are not meant to be exhaustive botanical descriptions; rather they are meant to reflect knowledge we assume our informants to have accessed when indicating “familiarity” with a given plant. Plant Name: Description: 1 Amuch habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 10cm 2m 20cm, ovate, pubescent on underside white & yellow, 20cm bunches with 5mm peduncle small spheres, black, soft . fruit are eaten; ends of branches used for prayer; branches used to stir atole 2 Atsam te' habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó shrub N/A 5-8m long & narrow white, sprout in 5mm bunches directly from trunk 5mm, looks like coriander seed . eaten by birds; formerly put into wounds and skn infections 1 3 Avoj habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses 4 Bak ts'op all of Chenalhó tree 25cm 2-3m wide & long (20cm), pubescent small spheres, white, in large bunches (like coffee flowers) small spheres, gray, multi-seeded, juicy and sweet small (1mm), brown, look like tobacco seeds fruit are eaten; bark is scraped and the sticky mass is spread over burns; firewood unable to identify 5 Ch'it habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses 6 Ch'a te’ all of Chenalhó tree (2 types: white and red) white 40cm, red 30cm white 7-8m, red 3-4m wide & short, 8cm purple-white, sprouts from branches either singly or in bunches (like the medlar tree) like medlar or sapote fruits, round, brown, 1cm diameter, fleshy with a rough rind like hazelnuts small branches used for prayer; firewood; large branches for axe handles have heard this plant spoken of but could not identify it 7 Chich ni habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 10cm 3m long & narrow pink, 1cm, solitary broad pubescent pods red leaves burned and inhaled to cure nosebleeds; root is drunk for diarrhea 2 8 Chiki te' habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree (2 types: red and white); sends up shoots from the trunk 40cm; 25cm 3-4m; 3m wide, compound red pedicel, purple flower, looks like honeysuckle flower small spheres, black . birds eat fruits, leaves are crushed and drunk for fever and as anti-venom; for body pain one bathes in the water and drinks it 9 Chikinum tulan habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 80cm 15-16m narrow, smooth, 12cm long yellowish-white, 12cm long, in thin bunches like acorns like hazlenuts the rind is drunk as a tea for dysentery and sore throats 10 Ch'ilivet habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó shrub, 2 types: wild and cultivated (white) . 1.5m 5cm, rounded like sunflowers white, like coriander, multi-seeded small, red for diarrhea & dysentery; the cultivated (white) form is drunk as an everyday tea 3 11 Ch'ix jul ‘ak habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó liana, spines on stem 5cm 5-6m, or more multilobed, covered in spines red, 7cm, like hibiscus flowers white, solitary like tobacco seeds tips or flowers boiled and drunk for whooping cough; used for tying; used to make baskets; used to make rat traps 12 Cipres habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 1-3m up to 40m thin, soft, deciduous, and 6-12 mm long . . cone-bearing, ovoid, brown, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter construction 13 Ik'al te' habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses hot lowlands and Chenalhó tree, 2 types 30cm 5m; 3m about 10cm long white, 1mm, in clusters . yes roots used to cure witchcraft 4 14 K'an te' habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree, very hard wood 30cm 3-3.5m rounded, 1cm yellow, .5cm, solitary 10cm pods, like a wide finger, cottony inside indisde pods, thin & brown urinary tract infections; dental cavities; fence posts and house frames habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó, though more in hot lowlands tree, hard wood 20cm 3-4m long, 20cm, white with pubescent underside white, 1cm, in umbelliform clusters black spheres . fences habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers all of Chenalhó tree, stalk has spines 10cm 2m 20cm, ovate, covered in spines purple & white, 5mm, in ovate clusters of 15cm like marbles, 1cm, green & hard, multiseeded like tomato white stem & leaf used in baths and teas for infections, gastritis, to heal wounds, bumps/bruises, inflammation, rashes 15 K'oxox te' 16 K'ux pe’ul fruit seeds uses 5 17 Lima habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 10cm 2m elliptic, simple, alternate, glandular punctate clustered in axilary racemes, 5-lobed, white, 2cm diameter fleshy hesperidium, yellow-green rind with oily glands, 8-10cm 0.5cm fruits are eaten 18 Lo tsom ch'ix habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses hot lowlands tree 10cm 2m 5cm long, compound (4 rounded leaflets) spherical, pink-purple, .5cm, solitary small, spherical . for prayer; for knee-bone pain; for babies who cry the tips are placed in the belly button; people who have nightmares drink it as tea 19 Makum habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó variable: woody vine which grows in the woods 5cm too long to be measured 5cm, pubescent in the underside, covered in spines white, 5cm, in clusters long, red, multiseeded; black, sweet, and juicy when ripe like guayaba seeds fruit are eaten; tender ends are roasted and squeezed in the eyes or the root is boiled and the drops are put in the eyes 6 20 Nam te' chuj habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó shrub . 3m 25cm, 4-5-lobed white, clusteres, 5mm each, like the honeysuckle none like coriander or chile, small and black as a tea it cures witchcraft or accelerates childbirth habitat habit diameter height all of Chenalhó tree 20-50cm 10-30m 4-10 cm, single, alternate, oblanceolate, yellow in the underside single, white, 6-lobed small, yellow, fleshy, rough rind 1-4, tear-shaped, brown and hard fruit is eaten; wood used in fenceposts and tool handles 21 Nispero leaves flowers fruit seeds uses 22 Pajal potoj habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree, 2 types 30 cm; 5cm 3-4m; 1.5m 12cm, brown in the underside & pubescent white, 3cm, solitary fleshy, full of seeds, sour, white or yellow 2cm, white for diarrhea; families with no children will talk to this tree 7 23 Paj 'ul habitat habit diameter height leaves uses all of Chenalhó 2 types: a liana and a large tree 10cm; 40cm length of liana too long to be measured; tree 10-12m thin and narrow; 10 cm, wide .5cm, red & white, on the tips of branches (white 3cm) black spheres, in clusters, each one 2cm; sour . fruit is eaten; leaves are used in baths to treat rashes; firewood/construction/fenceposts habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses in Chenalhó, but moreso in mountainous regions tree 30-50cm 5-6m 10cm, smooth, rounded 5cm, orange, hanging, solitary not acquainted not acquainted firewood habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses introduced tree 70cm 10-12m 12cm, smooth and long, trifoliate on the branches, solitary, white small, like coffee fruits, black white or gray fruits eaten by birds, used for firewood flowers fruit seeds 24 Potoj te' 25 Sakil te' 8 26 Say bon habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 50-70cm 5-7m 10cm, elongated small, white, solitary elongated clusters, small black spheres . a liquid comes from the stem that is used to cure wounds and canker sores 27 Sitit habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses two types, one in colder highlands and one in hot lowlands (smaller, harder to cut) tree 30cm 2-4m lowland version wider leaves; highland version thinner leaves white, .5cm, in clusters small spheres which fall and germinate . for vaginal hemorrhage & menstruation; crushed leaves cover wounds 28 Soi lem chuch habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó herbaceous hemiepiphyte 5mm 1m 8cm, smooth, thick, elliptical yellow, in clusters, the size of coriander seeds yellow, in clusters, the size of coriander seeds . boiled in a fire and put on wound, rheumatism, fractures, 'aire' 9 29 Tok 'oy habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 60cm 3-4m elliptic, 40cm long, green, thick, tough 6cm each, in 40cm clusters green with white flesh, size of a mango black, like watermelon leaves used for tying; fruit is eaten; plant used as boundary marker; tender tips are roasted and the liquid is put in the ear for earaches; flowers are eaten 30 Tso' tulan habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses 31 Ts'op all of Chenalhó tree, very tough heartwood 50cm 6-7m 10cm, rounded, pubescent 10cm, hanging, brown small spheres, 1cm, brown, green when unripe like hazelnuts urinary problems; the head is soaked for headaches; for fences and house frames unable to identify 32 Ukun habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 60-70cm 4m trifoliate, 12cm, smooth, covered in spines in the shape of nipples red, like the bean flower brown pods red seed inside the pod, like beans flowers are eaten; tea is made to treat fits in children; fenceposts (wood doesn't dry out); for boundary markers 10 33 Xaxim habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree 10cm 3-4m compound, thin and long white 1cm spheres, solitary thin pods black the roots are crushed, boiled, and made into tea for diarrhea; roots were used to ferment beer and cane alcohol (no longer used as such) 34 Yisim bolom habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó tree, branches covered in spines 8cm 3m 8cm, elongated, with spines white and red, 5mm each, in large numbers yellow spheres smaller than 5mm black, like guayaba, many in each fruit a tea is made from the leaves and drunk to alleviate hemorrhage; used for firewood; shafts for tools 35 Yuch' max habitat habit diameter height leaves flowers fruit seeds uses all of Chenalhó shrub . 1.5m 12cm, rounded white, 1mm spheres, umbelliform 5mm spheres, spiky like rambutan (get stuck to clothing), hard like coriander for burns; tea from roots used to accelerate childbirth; bark used for tying 11
